@article{f3e6b00a1c3f4278913afd98813e5647,
title = "Corneal confocal microscopy compared with quantitative sensory testing and nerve conduction for diagnosing and stratifying the severity of diabetic peripheral neuropathy",
abstract = "Introduction Diabetic neuropathy can be diagnosed and assessed using a number of techniques including corneal confocal microscopy (CCM).Research design and methods We have undertaken quantitative sensory testing, nerve conduction studies and CCM in 143 patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes without neuropathy (n=51), mild neuropathy (n=47) and moderate to severe neuropathy (n=45) and age-matched controls (n=30).Results Vibration perception threshold (pConclusion This study shows that CCM identifies early and progressive corneal nerve loss at the inferior whorl and central cornea and has comparable utility with quantitative sensory testing and nerve conduction in the diagnosis of diabetic neuropathy.",
keywords = "cornea, diabetic neuropathies, diabetes complications, diagnosis, SMALL-FIBER NEUROPATHY, SENSORIMOTOR POLYNEUROPATHY, DAMAGE, MULTICENTER, MORPHOLOGY, SURROGATE, UTILITY, WHORL, SKIN",
author = "Maryam Ferdousi and Alise Kalteniece and Shazli Azmi and Petropoulos, {Ioannis N.} and Anne Worthington and Luca D'Onofrio and Shaishav Dhage and Georgios Ponirakis and Uazman Alam and Andrew Marshall and Faber, {Catharina G.} and Giuseppe Lauria and Handrean Soran and Malik, {Rayaz A.}",
note = "Funding Information: 1Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiac Centre, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK 2Research Division, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Doha, Qatar 3Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome La Sapienza, Roma, Lazio, Italy 4Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Doha, Qatar 5Department of Neurology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Limburg, The Netherlands 6Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Universit{\`a} di Milano - Fondazione I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy 7University Department of Medicine, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK Acknowledgements The study was supported by the Manchester Biomedical Research Centre and the Greater Manchester Comprehensive Local Research Network. Dr Mitra Tavakoli undertook corneal confocal microscopy and Dr Hassan Fadavi undertook clinical assessment and quantitative sensory testing in a proportion of patients. Contributors MF researched data, performed the statistical analysis and wrote the manuscript. AK researched data and wrote the manuscript. SA, INP, AW, LD, SD, GP, UA and AM researched data. CGF, GL and HS reviewed and revised the manuscript. RAM designed the study and reviewed and revised the manuscript. RAM is the guarantor of this work and had full access to the data of the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the paper. Funding Information: Funding The research received funding from the European Union Seventh Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2020 Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.",
year = "2020",
doi = "10.1136/bmjdrc-2020-001801",
language = "English",
volume = "8",
journal = "BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care",
issn = "2052-4897",
publisher = "BMJ Publishing Group",
number = "2",
}