Concurrent human TMS-EEG-fMRI enables monitoring of oscillatory brain state-dependent gating of cortico-subcortical network activity

Judith C Peters*, Joel Reithler, Tom A de Graaf, Teresa Schuhmann, Rainer Goebel, Alexander T Sack

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticleAcademicpeer-review

Abstract

Peters and Reithler et al. use TMS, EEG, and fMRI concurrently to study how oscillatory fluctuations in network excitability influence brain-wide propagation of TMS-induced activation. Exemplifying this approach in the human motor system, they show how these techniques can be combined to gain insights into gating of functional networks by oscillatory states.

Despite growing interest, the causal mechanisms underlying human neural network dynamics remain elusive. Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) allows to noninvasively probe neural excitability, while concurrent fMRI can log the induced activity propagation through connected network nodes. However, this approach ignores ongoing oscillatory fluctuations which strongly affect network excitability and concomitant behavior. Here, we show that concurrent TMS-EEG-fMRI enables precise and direct monitoring of causal dependencies between oscillatory states and signal propagation throughout cortico-subcortical networks. To demonstrate the utility of this multimodal triad, we assessed how pre-TMS EEG power fluctuations influenced motor network activations induced by subthreshold TMS to right dorsal premotor cortex. In participants with adequate motor network reactivity, strong pre-TMS alpha power reduced TMS-evoked hemodynamic activations throughout the bilateral cortico-subcortical motor system (including striatum and thalamus), suggesting shunted network connectivity. Concurrent TMS-EEG-fMRI opens an exciting noninvasive avenue of subject-tailored network research into dynamic cognitive circuits and their dysfunction.

Original languageEnglish
Article number40
Number of pages11
JournalCommunications Biology
Volume3
Issue number1
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 22 Jan 2020

Keywords

  • TRANSCRANIAL MAGNETIC STIMULATION
  • DORSAL PREMOTOR CORTEX
  • MOTOR CORTEX
  • ALPHA-BAND
  • INTERINDIVIDUAL VARIABILITY
  • NEURONAL OSCILLATIONS
  • CAUSAL EVIDENCE
  • BETA-FREQUENCY
  • THETA BURST
  • CONNECTIVITY

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