Conclusion

This volume explored the lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic in informing a rights-based approach to the socio-economic rights of vulnerable groups, thereby building back better and preparing for future times of crises. The COVID-19 pandemic revealed no implementation or inadequate domestic implementation of human rights; the failure of international cooperation in addressing global health challenges; and the accountability gap that exists in relation to private actors in ensuring the enjoyment of socio-economic rights, amongst others. By revealing broad patterns of failures by States to meet their obligations regarding socio-economic rights, the pandemic has resulted in deepening inequalities. This, in turn, has led to the entrenchment of pre-existing vulnerabilities and, sometimes, the creation of new vulnerabilities. Building back better requires a human rights-based approach that centres on equality, increased investment in scientific progress and its applications, and a more active role for the State in regulating private actors.