@article{6d5afbd3b2254d4b9760b2d66f083995,
title = "Comparing behavioral assumptions of policy tools: Framework for policy designers",
abstract = "The article provides a comparative framework for articulating assumptions made during the policy design process. That includes the framing of the policy issue in terms of the behavior of addressees, identifying problems that obstruct compliance, and choosing a tool with a distinctive change mechanism. Based on this discussion, a spectrum of six generic policy tools have been provided and illustrated with examples: (1) equipping policy subjects to perform behavior, (2) banning misbehavior, (3) dis/incentivizing addressees to behave in a certain way, (4) informing to raise the awareness about need for compliance, (5) boosting, and (6) nudging towards desired behavior.",
keywords = "policy instruments, behavioral insights, policy design aids, tools typology, comparative framework, change mechanisms, MECHANISMS",
author = "Karol Olejniczak and Pawel sliwowski and Frans Leeuw",
note = "Funding Information: This work was supported by the Narodowe Centrum Nauki [2014/13/B/HS5/03610]. Open access of this article was financed by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education in Poland under the 2019-2022 program ?Regional Initiative of Excellence?, project number 012 / RID / 2018/19. The authors would like to thank Polish civil servants from Akademia OSR and KSAP, and attendees of the Australasian Evaluation Society 2018 conference for testing the early versions of the framework. The authors would also like to thank the chair and participants of the 2019 International Conference on Public Policy - panel T07P02, for their most valuable comments. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2020 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.",
year = "2020",
month = nov,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1080/13876988.2020.1808465",
language = "English",
volume = "22",
pages = "498--520",
journal = "Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis",
issn = "1387-6988",
publisher = "Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group",
number = "6",
}