TY - JOUR
T1 - Comparative Analysis of the Effects of Fish Oil and Fenofibrate on Plasma Metabolomic Profiles in Overweight and Obese Individuals
AU - Michielsen, C.C.J.R.
AU - Hangelbroek, R.W.J.
AU - Bragt, M.C.E.
AU - Verheij, E.R.
AU - Wopereis, S.
AU - Mensink, R.P.
AU - Afman, L.A.
N1 - Funding Information:
M.C.E.B and R.P.M. designed and executed the study. E.R.V. and S.W. performed the plasma metabolic profiling using the FFA LCMS and the GCMS platforms. S.W. cleaned the metabolomics dataset and calculated the metabolite ratios. C.C.J.R.M. and R.W.J.H. analyzed the data. C.C.J.R.M. wrote the manuscript, which was critically reviewed and improved by S.W., R.P.M., and L.A.A. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. The study and the metabolomic analyses were funded by the Nutrigenomics Consortium (NGC) of Top Institute Food and Nutrition (TIFN). This project is part of the FoodBAll project. FoodBAll is a project funded by the BioNH call (grant number 529051002) under the Joint Programming Initiative, “A Healthy Diet for a Healthy Life.”
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 The Authors. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research published by Wiley-VCH GmbH
PY - 2022/1
Y1 - 2022/1
N2 - Scope: The drug fenofibrate and dietary fish oils can effectively lower circulating triglyceride (TG) concentrations. However, a detailed comparative analysis of the effects on the plasma metabolome is missing.Methods and Results: Twenty overweight and obese subjects participate in a double-blind, cross-over intervention trial and receive in a random order 3.7 g day(-1) n-3 fatty acids, 200 mg fenofibrate, or placebo treatment for 6 weeks. Four hundred twenty plasma metabolites are measured via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Among the treatments, 237 metabolites are significantly different, of which 22 metabolites change in the same direction by fish oil and fenofibrate, including a decrease in several saturated TG-species. Fenofibrate additionally changes 33 metabolites, including a decrease in total cholesterol, and total lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), whereas 54 metabolites are changed by fish oil, including an increase in unsaturated TG-, LPC-, phosphatidylcholine-, and cholesterol ester-species. All q < 0.05.Conclusion: Fenofibrate and fish oil reduce several saturated TG-species markedly. These reductions have been associated with a decreased risk for developing cardiovascular disease (CVD). Interestingly, fish oil consumption increases several unsaturated lipid species, which have also been associated with a reduced CVD risk. Altogether, this points towards the power of fish oil to change the plasma lipid metabolome in a potentially beneficial way.
AB - Scope: The drug fenofibrate and dietary fish oils can effectively lower circulating triglyceride (TG) concentrations. However, a detailed comparative analysis of the effects on the plasma metabolome is missing.Methods and Results: Twenty overweight and obese subjects participate in a double-blind, cross-over intervention trial and receive in a random order 3.7 g day(-1) n-3 fatty acids, 200 mg fenofibrate, or placebo treatment for 6 weeks. Four hundred twenty plasma metabolites are measured via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Among the treatments, 237 metabolites are significantly different, of which 22 metabolites change in the same direction by fish oil and fenofibrate, including a decrease in several saturated TG-species. Fenofibrate additionally changes 33 metabolites, including a decrease in total cholesterol, and total lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), whereas 54 metabolites are changed by fish oil, including an increase in unsaturated TG-, LPC-, phosphatidylcholine-, and cholesterol ester-species. All q < 0.05.Conclusion: Fenofibrate and fish oil reduce several saturated TG-species markedly. These reductions have been associated with a decreased risk for developing cardiovascular disease (CVD). Interestingly, fish oil consumption increases several unsaturated lipid species, which have also been associated with a reduced CVD risk. Altogether, this points towards the power of fish oil to change the plasma lipid metabolome in a potentially beneficial way.
KW - clinical trial
KW - human
KW - lipidomics
KW - nutrigenomics
KW - peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha
KW - FATTY-ACID-COMPOSITION
KW - CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE
KW - APOLIPOPROTEIN B-100
KW - ADIPOSE-TISSUE
KW - TRIGLYCERIDES
KW - HYPERTRIGLYCERIDEMIA
KW - RICH
KW - OMEGA-3-FATTY-ACIDS
KW - LIPOPROTEINS
KW - INFLAMMATION
U2 - 10.1002/mnfr.202100192
DO - 10.1002/mnfr.202100192
M3 - Article
C2 - 34808036
SN - 1613-4125
VL - 66
JO - Molecular Nutrition & Food Research
JF - Molecular Nutrition & Food Research
IS - 2
M1 - 2100192
ER -