Cognitive performance and vascular function in humans: effects of dietary anthocyanins

Global population growth and aging are leading to an increased prevalence of age-related disorders, such as cognitive impairment and dementia. A healthy diet is proposed as a key strategy to delay or prevent cognitive decline, potentially slowing the development of dementia. A high intake of anthocyanins, a pigment found in large amounts in berries has been associated with better cognitive performance. Therefore, the overall aim of this thesis was to study the effect of berry-derived anthocyanins on cognitive performance in humans. Additionally, potential underlying mechanisms, including changes in brain and peripheral vascular function, were explored.
First, a systematic literature review was conducted, demonstrating improvements in cognitive performance, peripheral vascular function, and blood pressure following anthocyanin intake. Subsequently, three randomized controlled trials were performed to examine the effects of berry anthocyanin intake on cognitive performance and vascular function in young, middle-aged, and older adults. The findings presented in this thesis suggest that different aspects of cognitive performance can be beneficially affected by berry anthocyanin interventions in adults. Vascular function in the periphery remained unaffected, but changes in brain vascular function were observed. However, further research is needed to elucidate the precise mechanisms underlying the observed cognitive benefits.