Climate Smart Agriculture & Water Efficiency in Agriculture in MSM Projects: Final observations

The final chapter brings together some insights from the case studies of climate smart agriculture & water (CSA&W) in different countries presented during the MSM research seminar. We review the definitions of CSA&W and argue that different disciplines (agronomy, agricultural economics and management science) are relevant, but have different definitions and that CSA&W has a different meaning at different levels. We distinguish the macro (national), the meso (the level of the ecosystem) and the micro level of the farmers.
Examples of each discipline and each level are provided to draw four conclusions:
1. CSA&W has a different meaning in different disciplines and at the macro, meso and micro level. The common element is that CSA&W has a signaling function, drawing attention to the technology that can modernize agricultural production
2. A Business school has its own contribution to make to the CSA&W debate
3. As MSM, we looked at one type of governance in CSA&W interventions in particular, the use of partnerships to introduce and exploit innovation
4. An index developed in the previous chapter for CSA&W or the presence of an ecosystem is sensitive to the indicators chosen and the method used to come up with a score.