@article{0988d68ff0d349f69894e43ec8d6f397,
title = "Classification algorithm for the International Classification of Diseases-11 chronic pain classification: development and results from a preliminary pilot evaluation",
abstract = "The International Classification of Diseases-11 (ICD-11) chronic pain classification includes about 100 chronic pain diagnoses on different diagnostic levels. Each of these diagnoses requires specific operationalized diagnostic criteria to be present. The classification comprises more than 200 diagnostic criteria. The aim of the Classification Algorithm for Chronic Pain in 1CD-11 (CAL-CP) is to facilitate the use of the classification by guiding users through these diagnostic criteria. The diagnostic criteria were ordered hierarchically and visualized in accordance with the standards defined by the Society for Medical Decision Making Committee on Standardization of Clinical Algorithms. The resulting linear decision tree underwent several rounds of iterative checks and feedback by its developers, as well as other pain experts. A preliminary pilot evaluation was conducted in the context of an ecological implementation field study of the classification itself. The resulting algorithm consists of a linear decision tree, an introduction form, and an appendix. The initial decision trunk can be used as a standalone algorithm in primary care. Each diagnostic criterion is represented in a decision box. The user needs to decide for each criterion whether it is present or not, and then follow the respective yes or no arrows to arrive at the corresponding ICD-11 diagnosis. The results of the pilot evaluation showed good clinical utility of the algorithm. The CAL-CP can contribute to reliable diagnoses by structuring a way through the classification and by increasing adherence to the criteria. Future studies need to evaluate its utility further and analyze its impact on the accuracy of the assigned diagnoses.",
keywords = "ICD-11, Chronic pain, Pain classification, Classification algorithm, Decision trees, CLINICAL UTILITY, IASP CLASSIFICATION, DECISION TREES, DIAGNOSIS, DISORDERS, SYSTEM",
author = "B. Korwisi and G. Hay and N. Attal and Q. Aziz and M.I. Bennett and R. Benoliel and M. Cohen and S. Evers and M.A. Giamberardino and S. Kaasa and E. Kosek and P. Lavand'homme and M. Nicholas and S. Perrot and S. Schug and B.H. Smith and P. Svensson and J.W.S. Vlaeyen and S.J. Wang and R.D. Treede and W. Rief and A. Barke",
note = "Funding Information: B. Korwisi reports other from IASP (NGO), during the conduct of the study. G. Hay has nothing to disclose. N. Attal reports personal fees from Lilly, personal fees from Pfizer, personal fees from Sanofi, personal fees from Grunenthal, personal fees from Ipsen, personal fees from Air Liquide, personal fees from Novartis, personal fees from Aptinyx, personal fees from Novartis, outside the submitted work. Q. Aziz reports grants and personal fees from Grunenthal pharmaceutical, grants and personal fees from Allergan Pharmaceuticals, grants from Alimentary Health, outside the submitted work. M.I. Bennett has nothing to disclose. R. Benoliel reports personal fees from Quintessence Publishing, outside the submitted work. M. Cohen has nothing to disclose. S. Evers reports personal fees from Allergan, personal fees from Novartis, personal fees from TEVA, personal fees from Lilly, outside the submitted work. M.A. Giamberardino reports personal fees from HELSINN HEALTHCARE, personal fees from EPITECH GROUP, personal fees from IBSA, outside the submitted work. S. Kaasa has nothing to disclose. E. Kosek reports personal fees from Lundbeck, personal fees from Eli Lilly, outside the submitted work. P. Lavand{\textquoteright}homme has nothing to disclose. M. Nicholas has nothing to disclose. S. Perrot has nothing to disclose. S. Schug has nothing to disclose. B.H. Smith has nothing to disclose. P. Svensson has nothing to disclose. J.W.S. Vlaeyen reports grants from Asthenes long-term structural funding–Methusalem grant by the Flemish Government, Belgium (METH/15/011), outside the submitted work. S.J. Wang reports grants and personal fees from Eli-Lilly, personal fees from Daiichi-Sankyo, grants and personal fees from Norvatis, grants from Minister of Science and Technology, Taiwan, grants from The Featured Areas Research Center Program within the framework of the Higher Education Sprout Project by the Ministry of Education (MOE), from null, outside the submitted work. R.-D. Treede reports grants from Teva, personal fees from Bayer, Gr{\"u}nenthal, GSK, Sanofi, outside the submitted work. W. Rief has nothing to disclose. A. Barke reports other from IASP (NGO), outside the submitted work. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. All rights reserved.",
year = "2021",
month = jul,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002208",
language = "English",
volume = "162",
pages = "2087--2096",
journal = "Pain",
issn = "0304-3959",
publisher = "LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS",
number = "7",
}