Budget impact analysis of cenobamate for epilepsy patients with drug-resistant focal onset seizures in the Netherlands

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to explore the financial consequences of adopting cenobamate as a treatment alternative in epilepsy patients with drug-resistant focal onset seizures (FOS) from a societal perspective in the Netherlands.MethodsA previous budget impact model with a 5-year time horizon was adapted to the Dutch setting accounting for the eligible population, real-world market shares, treatment effectiveness and resource use in two scenarios: cenobamate with constant market share versus cenobamate with linearly increased market share up to 20%. Clinical inputs included treatment response, seizure reduction and adverse events. Costs consisted of drugs, medical and non-medical costs. One-way sensitivity analysis and scenario analysis were conducted to test the robustness of our results.Results14,723 patients were eligible for cenobamate in 2022. Although cenobamate adds a gross budget impact of <euro>12,686,30, the displacement of other drugs yields a total impact on the drug budget of <euro>3,722,596 over 5 years. Adopting cenobamate resulted in a medical cost savings of <euro>13,499,498 due to less resource use, and non-medical cost savings of <euro>22,144,054 due to reduced productivity losses. Overall, savings generated at medical and non-medical cost level offset the gross drug budget impact of cenobamate, resulting in a saving of <euro>31,920,955 over 5 years. Results were robust in the sensitivity/scenario analyses.ConclusionTreatment with cenobamate is associated with both medical and non-medical cost savings, which offset the increase in drug budget and result in a significant potential budget saving. The higher the market share of cenobamate, the larger the budget savings. We acknowledge several limitations; Complex scenarios such as drug interactions, stopping/switching drugs, and multiple drug use were not taken into account. The long-term efficacy and safety of cenobamate and its comparators remains uncertain. Future real-world data are needed to confirm our findings.