Barriers and facilitators perceived by professionals while implementing Soothing and Sleeping in Dutch Healthcare: a mixed-methods study

BACKGROUND: Many parents struggle with infant crying and sleep, yet some needs remain unmet by current professional support. Soothing and Sleeping, an evidence-based practice (EBP) based on the Happiest Baby method, offers preventive support and parental education for these issues. The Dutch Youth Health Care (YHC) system, monitoring 95% of children, is well-positioned to implement it. METHOD: This study explores YHC professionals' perceptions of EBPs and Soothing and Sleeping and identifies key implementation barriers and facilitators. YHC professionals (n=41) completed questionnaires and participated in focus groups. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics and qualitative data through thematic analysis guided by the Dynamic Adaptation Process framework. RESULTS: Professionals expressed positive attitudes towards EBPs and Soothing and Sleeping, with 81% adopting the method. Barriers and facilitators emerged at system, organisation, provider and client levels. Preimplementation, barriers spanned all levels, while postimplementation barriers were primarily systemic and organisational. Key barriers included resource limitations, inadequate training, organisational shifts and insufficient managerial support. Soothing and Sleeping-specific facilitators included its practicality, suitability and effectiveness. CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest Soothing and Sleeping strengthens YHC support for infant crying and sleep. Recommendations include proactive parental outreach, appointing an implementation facilitator, ongoing training and tailored approaches for families.