Autonomic hypoactivity in boys with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and the influence of methylphenidate

Annette Conzelmann*, Antje B M Gerdes, Ronald F Mucha, Peter Weyers, Klaus-Peter Lesch, Christina G Bähne, Andreas J Fallgatter, Tobias J Renner, Andreas Warnke, Marcel Romanos, Paul Pauli

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticleAcademicpeer-review

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: This study investigates an overall autonomic hypoactivity reflecting hypoarousal as important aetiological factor in ADHD at baseline during rest and in response towards stimuli. In addition, effects of methylphenidate (MPH) are examined. We further assessed whether this hypoarousal is a stable characteristic or ameliorated by arousing emotional stimuli.

METHODS: Boys with ADHD were examined with (n = 35) or without MPH (n = 45) and compared with healthy boys (n = 22) regarding skin conductance level (SCL) during rest and skin conductance responses (SCRs) as well as valence and arousal ratings in response to positive, neutral, and negative pictures.

RESULTS: ADHD children without MPH were characterized by reduced baseline SCL and overall reduced SCRs. ADHD children with MPH never differed from control children. All groups displayed normal valence and arousal ratings of the stimuli and enhanced SCRs to emotional in comparison to neutral pictures.

CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to unravel (1) a general autonomic hypoactivity in ADHD children at baseline and in response to low arousing neutral and highly arousing emotional stimuli, and (2) hints that MPH normalizes this hypoactivity. Results contribute to the understanding of ADHD aetiology and MPH functionality, and are consistent with the cognitive-energetic model of ADHD.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)56-65
Number of pages10
JournalWorld Journal of Biological Psychiatry
Volume15
Issue number1
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Jan 2014

Keywords

  • Adolescent
  • Arousal
  • Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity
  • Autonomic Nervous System
  • Central Nervous System Stimulants
  • Child
  • Emotions
  • Galvanic Skin Response
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Methylphenidate
  • Treatment Outcome

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