TY - JOUR
T1 - Associations of long-term exposure to air pollution and noise with body composition in children and adults
T2 - Results from the LEAD general population study
AU - Altug, Hicran
AU - Ogurtsova, Katherine
AU - Breyer-Kohansal, Robab
AU - Schiffers, Caspar
AU - Ofenheimer, Alina
AU - Tzivian, Lilian
AU - Hartl, Sylvia
AU - Hoffmann, Barbara
AU - Lucht, Sarah
AU - Breyer, Marie-Kathrin
PY - 2024/6/5
Y1 - 2024/6/5
N2 - BACKGROUND: While long-term air pollution and noise exposure has been linked to increasing cardiometabolic disease risk, potential effects on body composition remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the associations of long-term air pollution, noise and body composition. METHODS: We used repeated data from the LEAD (Lung, hEart, sociAl, boDy) study conducted in Vienna, Austria. Body mass index (BMI; kg/m ), fat mass index (FMI; z-score), and lean mass index (LMI; z-score) were measured using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry at the first (t ; 2011-ongoing) and second (t ; 2017-ongoing) examinations. Annual particulate matter (PM ) and nitrogen dioxide (NO ) concentrations were estimated with the GRAMM/GRAL model (2015-2021). Day-evening-night (L ) and night-time (L ) noise levels from transportation were modeled for 2017 following the European Union Directive 2002/49/EC. Exposures were assigned to residential addresses. We performed analyses separately in children/adolescents and adults, using linear mixed-effects models with random participant intercepts and linear regression models for cross-sectional and longitudinal associations, respectively. Models were adjusted for co-exposure, lifestyle and sociodemographics. RESULTS: A total of 19,202 observations (nt = 12,717, nt = 6,485) from participants aged 6-86 years (mean age at t = 41.0 years; 52.9 % female; mean PM = 21 µg/m ; mean follow-up time = 4.1 years) were analyzed. Among children and adolescents (age = 18 years at first visit), higher PM exposure was cross-sectionally associated with higher FMI z-scores (0.09 [95 % Confidence Interval (CI): 0.03, 0.16]) and lower LMI z-scores (-0.05 [95 % CI: -0.10, -0.002]) per 1.8 µg/m . Adults showed similar trends in cross-sectional associations as children, though not reaching statistical significance. We observed no associations for noise exposures. Longitudinal analyses on body composition changes over time yielded positive associations for PM , but not for other exposures. CONCLUSION: Air pollution exposure, mainly PM , was cross-sectionally and longitudinally associated with body composition in children/adolescents and adults. Railway/road-traffic noise exposures showed no associations in both cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses.
AB - BACKGROUND: While long-term air pollution and noise exposure has been linked to increasing cardiometabolic disease risk, potential effects on body composition remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the associations of long-term air pollution, noise and body composition. METHODS: We used repeated data from the LEAD (Lung, hEart, sociAl, boDy) study conducted in Vienna, Austria. Body mass index (BMI; kg/m ), fat mass index (FMI; z-score), and lean mass index (LMI; z-score) were measured using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry at the first (t ; 2011-ongoing) and second (t ; 2017-ongoing) examinations. Annual particulate matter (PM ) and nitrogen dioxide (NO ) concentrations were estimated with the GRAMM/GRAL model (2015-2021). Day-evening-night (L ) and night-time (L ) noise levels from transportation were modeled for 2017 following the European Union Directive 2002/49/EC. Exposures were assigned to residential addresses. We performed analyses separately in children/adolescents and adults, using linear mixed-effects models with random participant intercepts and linear regression models for cross-sectional and longitudinal associations, respectively. Models were adjusted for co-exposure, lifestyle and sociodemographics. RESULTS: A total of 19,202 observations (nt = 12,717, nt = 6,485) from participants aged 6-86 years (mean age at t = 41.0 years; 52.9 % female; mean PM = 21 µg/m ; mean follow-up time = 4.1 years) were analyzed. Among children and adolescents (age = 18 years at first visit), higher PM exposure was cross-sectionally associated with higher FMI z-scores (0.09 [95 % Confidence Interval (CI): 0.03, 0.16]) and lower LMI z-scores (-0.05 [95 % CI: -0.10, -0.002]) per 1.8 µg/m . Adults showed similar trends in cross-sectional associations as children, though not reaching statistical significance. We observed no associations for noise exposures. Longitudinal analyses on body composition changes over time yielded positive associations for PM , but not for other exposures. CONCLUSION: Air pollution exposure, mainly PM , was cross-sectionally and longitudinally associated with body composition in children/adolescents and adults. Railway/road-traffic noise exposures showed no associations in both cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses.
KW - Air pollution
KW - Body mass index
KW - Fat mass index
KW - Lean mass index
KW - Obesity
KW - Transportation noise
U2 - 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108799
DO - 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108799
M3 - Article
SN - 0160-4120
VL - 189
JO - Environment International
JF - Environment International
M1 - 108799
ER -