TY - JOUR
T1 - Associations of changes in reported and estimated protein and energy intake with changes in insulin resistance, glycated hemoglobin, and BMI during the PREVIEW lifestyle intervention study
AU - Drummen, M.
AU - Adam, T.C.
AU - Macdonald, I.A.
AU - Jalo, E.
AU - Larssen, T.M.
AU - Martinez, J.A.
AU - Handjiev-Darlenska, T.
AU - Brand-Miller, J.
AU - Poppitt, S.D.
AU - Stratton, G.
AU - Pietildinen, K.H.
AU - Taylor, M.A.
AU - Navas-Carretero, S.
AU - Handjiev, S.
AU - Muirhead, R.
AU - Silvestre, M.P.
AU - Swindell, N.
AU - Huttunen-Lenz, M.
AU - Schlicht, W.
AU - Lam, T.
AU - Sundvall, J.
AU - Raman, L.
AU - Feskens, E.
AU - Tremblay, A.
AU - Raben, A.
AU - Westerterp-Plantenga, M.S.
N1 - Funding Information:
Supported by European Union (EU) framework programme 7 (FP7/2007- 2013) grant agreement #312057 (to AR); National Health and Medical Research Council-EU collaborative grant, AUS 8, ID 1067711 (to JB-M); the Glycemic Index Foundation Australia through royalties to The University of Sydney (to JB-M); NZ Health Research Council grant 14/191 and the University of Auckland Faculty Research Development Fund (to SDP); the Danish Agriculture & Food Council (to AR); the Danish Meat and Research Institute (to AR); the National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre (to IAM); the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (to IAM); the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (to IAM); the Juho Vainio Foundation (to EJ); Academy of Finland grants 272376, 314383, 266286, and 314135 (to KHP); the Finnish Medical Foundation (to KHP); the Gyllenberg Foundation (to KHP); the Novo Nordisk Foundation (to AR); the Finnish Diabetes Research Foundation (to KHP); University of Helsinki (to KHP); Government Research Funds for Helsinki University Hospital (to KHP); the Jenny and Antti Wihuri Foundation (to KHP); and the Emil Aaltonen Foundation (to KHP). The Cambridge Weight Plan© donated all products for the 8-wk low-energy diet period (to AR). Nutritics (Dublin) donated all dietary analysis software used by the University of Nottingham (to IAM).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 The Author(s).
PY - 2021/11/1
Y1 - 2021/11/1
N2 - Background: Observed associations of high-protein diets with changes in insulin resistance are inconclusive.Objectives: We aimed to assess associations of changes in both reported and estimated protein (P-Rep; P-Est) and energy intake (EIRep; EIEST) with changes in HOMA-IR, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and BMI (in kg/m(2)), in 1822 decreasing to 833 adults (week 156) with overweight and prediabetes, during the 3-y PREVIEW (PREVention of diabetes through lifestyle intervention and population studies In Europe and around the World) study on weight-loss maintenance. Eating behavior and measurement errors (MEs) of dietary intake were assessed. Thus, observational post hoc analyses were applied.Methods: Associations of changes in EIEst, EIRep, P-Est, and P-Rep with changes in HOMA-1R, HbA1c, and BMI were determined by linear mixed-model analysis in 2 arms [high-protein-low-glycemicindex (GI) diet and moderate-protein-moderate-GI diet] of the PREVIEW study. EI Est was derived from energy requirement: total energy expenditure = basal metabolic rate x physical activity level; P-Est from urinary nitrogen, and urea. MEs were calculated as [EIEst - EIRep)/EIEst] x 100% and [(P-Rep- P-Est)/P-Est] x 100%. Eating behavior was determined using the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire, examining cognitive dietary restraint, disinhibition, and hunger.Results: Increases in P-Est and P-Rep and decreases in EIEst and EIRep were associated with decreases in BMI, but not independently with decreases in HOMA-IR. Increases in P-Est and P-Rep were associated with decreases in HbA1c. P-Rep and EIRep showed larger changes and stronger associations than P-Est and EIEst. Mean +/- SD MEs of EIRep and P-Rep were 38% +/- 9% and 14% +/- 4%, respectively: ME changes in EIRep and En% P-Rep were positively associated with changes in BMI and cognitive dietary restraint and inversely with disinhibition and hunger.Conclusions: During weight-loss maintenance in adults with prediabetes, increase in protein intake and decrease in energy intake were not associated with decrease in HOMA-IR beyond associations with decrease in BMI. Increases in P-Est and P-Rep were associated with decrease in HbA1c.
AB - Background: Observed associations of high-protein diets with changes in insulin resistance are inconclusive.Objectives: We aimed to assess associations of changes in both reported and estimated protein (P-Rep; P-Est) and energy intake (EIRep; EIEST) with changes in HOMA-IR, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and BMI (in kg/m(2)), in 1822 decreasing to 833 adults (week 156) with overweight and prediabetes, during the 3-y PREVIEW (PREVention of diabetes through lifestyle intervention and population studies In Europe and around the World) study on weight-loss maintenance. Eating behavior and measurement errors (MEs) of dietary intake were assessed. Thus, observational post hoc analyses were applied.Methods: Associations of changes in EIEst, EIRep, P-Est, and P-Rep with changes in HOMA-1R, HbA1c, and BMI were determined by linear mixed-model analysis in 2 arms [high-protein-low-glycemicindex (GI) diet and moderate-protein-moderate-GI diet] of the PREVIEW study. EI Est was derived from energy requirement: total energy expenditure = basal metabolic rate x physical activity level; P-Est from urinary nitrogen, and urea. MEs were calculated as [EIEst - EIRep)/EIEst] x 100% and [(P-Rep- P-Est)/P-Est] x 100%. Eating behavior was determined using the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire, examining cognitive dietary restraint, disinhibition, and hunger.Results: Increases in P-Est and P-Rep and decreases in EIEst and EIRep were associated with decreases in BMI, but not independently with decreases in HOMA-IR. Increases in P-Est and P-Rep were associated with decreases in HbA1c. P-Rep and EIRep showed larger changes and stronger associations than P-Est and EIEst. Mean +/- SD MEs of EIRep and P-Rep were 38% +/- 9% and 14% +/- 4%, respectively: ME changes in EIRep and En% P-Rep were positively associated with changes in BMI and cognitive dietary restraint and inversely with disinhibition and hunger.Conclusions: During weight-loss maintenance in adults with prediabetes, increase in protein intake and decrease in energy intake were not associated with decrease in HOMA-IR beyond associations with decrease in BMI. Increases in P-Est and P-Rep were associated with decrease in HbA1c.
KW - obesity
KW - prediabetes
KW - measurement error of dietary intake reporting
KW - urinary nitrogen as biomarker
KW - basal metabolic rate
KW - physical activity level
KW - BODY-WEIGHT LOSS
KW - HABITUAL FOOD-INTAKE
KW - PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY
KW - DIETARY RESTRAINT
KW - URINE NITROGEN
KW - GLYCEMIC INDEX
KW - EXPENDITURE
KW - ACCELEROMETER
KW - MAINTENANCE
KW - DISEASE
U2 - 10.1093/ajcn/nqab247
DO - 10.1093/ajcn/nqab247
M3 - Article
C2 - 34375397
SN - 0002-9165
VL - 114
SP - 1847
EP - 1858
JO - American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
JF - American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
IS - 5
ER -