@article{5751ccc2a20f45e889a98d6e584b3775,
title = "Associations between dietary patterns, FTO genotype and obesity in adults from seven European countries",
abstract = "Purpose High-fat and low-fibre discretionary food intake and FTO genotype are each associated independently with higher risk of obesity. However, few studies have investigated links between obesity and dietary patterns based on discretionary food intake, and the interaction effect of FTO genotype are unknown. Thus, this study aimed to derive dietary patterns based on intake of discretionary foods, saturated fatty acids (SFA) and fibre, and examine cross-sectional associations with BMI and waist circumference (WC), and interaction effects of FTO genotype.Methods Baseline data on 1280 adults from seven European countries were included (the Food4Me study). Dietary intake was estimated from a Food Frequency Questionnaire. Reduced rank regression was used to derive three dietary patterns using response variables of discretionary foods, SFA and fibre density. DNA was extracted from buccal swabs. Anthropometrics were self-measured. Linear regression analyses were used to examine associations between dietary patterns and BMI and WC, with an interaction for FTO genotype.Results Dietary pattern 1 (positively correlated with discretionary foods and SFA, and inversely correlated with fibre) was associated with higher BMI (beta:0.64; 95% CI 0.44, 0.84) and WC (beta:1.58; 95% CI 1.08, 2.07). There was limited evidence dietary pattern 2 (positively correlated with discretionary foods and SFA) and dietary pattern 3 (positively correlated with SFA and fibre) were associated with anthropometrics. FTO risk genotype was associated with higher BMI and WC, with no evidence of a dietary interaction.Conclusions Consuming a dietary pattern low in discretionary foods and high-SFA and low-fibre foods is likely to be important for maintaining a healthy weight, regardless of FTO predisposition to obesity.",
keywords = "Obesity, Waist circumference, Dietary patterns, FTO genotype, Adults, ENERGY, QUESTIONNAIRE, INTERVENTION, CONSUMPTION, DISEASE, HEALTH, SAMPLE",
author = "K.M. Livingstone and B. Brayner and C. Celis-Morales and G. Moschonis and Y. Manios and I. Traczyk and C.A. Drevon and H. Daniel and W.H.M. Saris and J.A. Lovegrove and M. Gibney and E.R. Gibney and L. Brennan and J.A. Martinez and J.C. Mathers",
note = "Funding Information: Open Access funding enabled and organized by CAUL and its Member Institutions. This work was supported by the European Commission under the Food, Agriculture, Fisheries and Biotechnology Theme of the Seventh Framework Programme for Research and Technological Development [265494]. The sponsor had no role in the study design or conduct, data collection, management, analysis or interpretation, manuscript preparation, review or approval. KML is supported by a National Health and Medical Research Council Emerging Leadership Fellowship (APP1173803). Funding Information: CAD has shares in Vitas Ltd, and CAD is a board member and consultant in Vitas Ltd; no other conflict of interests. WHMS has received research support from several food companies such as Nestle, DSM, Unilever, Nutrition et Sante and Danone as well as pharmaceutical companies such as GSK, Novartis and Novo Nordisk and grants from the European Union. He is an unpaid scientific adviser for the International Life Science Institute, ILSI Europe. MG reports that he is a non-remunerated member of the Google Food Innovation Lab Community of Practice on Personalized Nutrition. He is also leading an international project on confectionery intakes funded by industry. JCM reports grants from European Union, during the conduct of the study; grants and personal fees from Medical Research Council, grants and personal fees from Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, personal fees and non-financial support from Waltham Pet Nutrition, personal fees and non-financial support from University of Wageningen, The Netherlands, non-financial support from Technical University Munich, non-financial support from University College Dublin, non-financial support from University of Groningen, The Netherlands, non-financial support from University of Maastricht, The Netherlands, outside the submitted work. JAL has received research funding outside of the submitted work from Medical Research Council, Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council and European Union with in kind provision of foods from Arla, AAK and Unilever and research funding from the Dairy Council, UK. She was a member of the UK Government{\textquoteright}s Scientific Advisory Committee for Nutrition (SACN) and a member of SACNs Carbohydrate Working Group and Saturated Fats Working Group during and after the study. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022, The Author(s).",
year = "2022",
month = sep,
doi = "10.1007/s00394-022-02858-3",
language = "English",
volume = "61",
pages = "2953--2965",
journal = "European Journal of Nutrition",
issn = "1436-6207",
publisher = "Springer",
number = "6",
}