Associations between depression and anxiety in midlife and dementia more than 30 years later: The HUNT Study

Ragnhild Holmberg Aunsmo; Bjorn Heine Strand; Kaarin J. Anstey; Sverre Bergh; Mika Kivimaki; Sebastian Kohler; Steinar Krokstad; Gill Livingston; Fiona E. Matthews; Geir Selbaek

doi:10.1002/dad2.70036

Associations between depression and anxiety in midlife and dementia more than 30 years later: The HUNT Study

Ragnhild Holmberg Aunsmo^*, Bjorn Heine Strand, Kaarin J. Anstey, Sverre Bergh, Mika Kivimaki, Sebastian Kohler, Steinar Krokstad, Gill Livingston, Fiona E. Matthews, Geir Selbaek

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Academic › peer-review

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: It is unclear how midlife depression and anxiety affect dementia risk. We examined this in a Norwegian cohort followed for 30 years. METHODS: Dementia status at age 70+ in the fourth wave of the Tr & oslash;ndelag Health Study (HUNT4, 2017-2019, N = 9745) was linked with anxiety and depression from HUNT1 (1984-1985), HUNT2 (1995-1997), HUNT3 (2006-2008), and HUNT4. Longitudinal anxiety and depression score, and prevalence trajectories during 1984-2019 by dementia status at HUNT4 were fitted using mixed effects regression adjusting for age, sex, education, and lifestyle and health factors. RESULTS: Dementia at HUNT4 was associated with higher case prevalence at all waves, from 1.9 percentage points (pp) (95% CI: 0.1-3.7) higher at HUNT1 to 7.6 pp (95% CI: 5.7-9.6) higher at HUNT4. DISCUSSION: Our findings show that depression and anxiety was more common more than 30 years before dementia onset in those who later developed dementia.

Original language	English
Article number	e70036
Number of pages	12
Journal	Alzheimer's and Dementia: Diagnosis, Assessment and Disease Monitoring
Volume	16
Issue number	4
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1002/dad2.70036
Publication status	Published - 1 Oct 2024

Keywords

Alzheimer's disease
anxiety
association between anxiety and dementia
association between depression and dementia
dementia
depression
depressive symptoms
mental distress
midlife anxiety
midlife anxiety and depression
midlife depression
risk factor for dementia
trajectories
ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE
COGNITIVE DECLINE
INCREASED RISK
SYMPTOMS
LIFE

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Aunsmo, R. H., Strand, B. H., Anstey, K. J., Bergh, S., Kivimaki, M., Kohler, S., Krokstad, S., Livingston, G., Matthews, F. E., & Selbaek, G. (2024). Associations between depression and anxiety in midlife and dementia more than 30 years later: The HUNT Study. Alzheimer's and Dementia: Diagnosis, Assessment and Disease Monitoring, 16(4), Article e70036. https://doi.org/10.1002/dad2.70036

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title = "Associations between depression and anxiety in midlife and dementia more than 30 years later: The HUNT Study",

abstract = "INTRODUCTION: It is unclear how midlife depression and anxiety affect dementia risk. We examined this in a Norwegian cohort followed for 30 years. METHODS: Dementia status at age 70+ in the fourth wave of the Tr & oslash;ndelag Health Study (HUNT4, 2017-2019, N = 9745) was linked with anxiety and depression from HUNT1 (1984-1985), HUNT2 (1995-1997), HUNT3 (2006-2008), and HUNT4. Longitudinal anxiety and depression score, and prevalence trajectories during 1984-2019 by dementia status at HUNT4 were fitted using mixed effects regression adjusting for age, sex, education, and lifestyle and health factors. RESULTS: Dementia at HUNT4 was associated with higher case prevalence at all waves, from 1.9 percentage points (pp) (95% CI: 0.1-3.7) higher at HUNT1 to 7.6 pp (95% CI: 5.7-9.6) higher at HUNT4. DISCUSSION: Our findings show that depression and anxiety was more common more than 30 years before dementia onset in those who later developed dementia.",

keywords = "Alzheimer's disease, anxiety, association between anxiety and dementia, association between depression and dementia, dementia, depression, depressive symptoms, mental distress, midlife anxiety, midlife anxiety and depression, midlife depression, risk factor for dementia, trajectories, ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE, COGNITIVE DECLINE, INCREASED RISK, SYMPTOMS, LIFE",

author = "Aunsmo, {Ragnhild Holmberg} and Strand, {Bjorn Heine} and Anstey, {Kaarin J.} and Sverre Bergh and Mika Kivimaki and Sebastian Kohler and Steinar Krokstad and Gill Livingston and Matthews, {Fiona E.} and Geir Selbaek",

year = "2024",

month = oct,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1002/dad2.70036",

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Aunsmo, RH, Strand, BH, Anstey, KJ, Bergh, S, Kivimaki, M, Kohler, S, Krokstad, S, Livingston, G, Matthews, FE & Selbaek, G 2024, 'Associations between depression and anxiety in midlife and dementia more than 30 years later: The HUNT Study', Alzheimer's and Dementia: Diagnosis, Assessment and Disease Monitoring, vol. 16, no. 4, e70036. https://doi.org/10.1002/dad2.70036

Associations between depression and anxiety in midlife and dementia more than 30 years later: The HUNT Study. / Aunsmo, Ragnhild Holmberg; Strand, Bjorn Heine; Anstey, Kaarin J. et al.
In: Alzheimer's and Dementia: Diagnosis, Assessment and Disease Monitoring, Vol. 16, No. 4, e70036, 01.10.2024.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Academic › peer-review

TY - JOUR

T1 - Associations between depression and anxiety in midlife and dementia more than 30 years later

T2 - The HUNT Study

AU - Aunsmo, Ragnhild Holmberg

AU - Strand, Bjorn Heine

AU - Anstey, Kaarin J.

AU - Bergh, Sverre

AU - Kivimaki, Mika

AU - Kohler, Sebastian

AU - Krokstad, Steinar

AU - Livingston, Gill

AU - Matthews, Fiona E.

AU - Selbaek, Geir

PY - 2024/10/1

Y1 - 2024/10/1

N2 - INTRODUCTION: It is unclear how midlife depression and anxiety affect dementia risk. We examined this in a Norwegian cohort followed for 30 years. METHODS: Dementia status at age 70+ in the fourth wave of the Tr & oslash;ndelag Health Study (HUNT4, 2017-2019, N = 9745) was linked with anxiety and depression from HUNT1 (1984-1985), HUNT2 (1995-1997), HUNT3 (2006-2008), and HUNT4. Longitudinal anxiety and depression score, and prevalence trajectories during 1984-2019 by dementia status at HUNT4 were fitted using mixed effects regression adjusting for age, sex, education, and lifestyle and health factors. RESULTS: Dementia at HUNT4 was associated with higher case prevalence at all waves, from 1.9 percentage points (pp) (95% CI: 0.1-3.7) higher at HUNT1 to 7.6 pp (95% CI: 5.7-9.6) higher at HUNT4. DISCUSSION: Our findings show that depression and anxiety was more common more than 30 years before dementia onset in those who later developed dementia.

AB - INTRODUCTION: It is unclear how midlife depression and anxiety affect dementia risk. We examined this in a Norwegian cohort followed for 30 years. METHODS: Dementia status at age 70+ in the fourth wave of the Tr & oslash;ndelag Health Study (HUNT4, 2017-2019, N = 9745) was linked with anxiety and depression from HUNT1 (1984-1985), HUNT2 (1995-1997), HUNT3 (2006-2008), and HUNT4. Longitudinal anxiety and depression score, and prevalence trajectories during 1984-2019 by dementia status at HUNT4 were fitted using mixed effects regression adjusting for age, sex, education, and lifestyle and health factors. RESULTS: Dementia at HUNT4 was associated with higher case prevalence at all waves, from 1.9 percentage points (pp) (95% CI: 0.1-3.7) higher at HUNT1 to 7.6 pp (95% CI: 5.7-9.6) higher at HUNT4. DISCUSSION: Our findings show that depression and anxiety was more common more than 30 years before dementia onset in those who later developed dementia.

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KW - anxiety

KW - association between anxiety and dementia

KW - association between depression and dementia

KW - dementia

KW - depression

KW - depressive symptoms

KW - mental distress

KW - midlife anxiety

KW - midlife anxiety and depression

KW - midlife depression

KW - risk factor for dementia

KW - trajectories

KW - ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE

KW - COGNITIVE DECLINE

KW - INCREASED RISK

KW - SYMPTOMS

KW - LIFE

U2 - 10.1002/dad2.70036

DO - 10.1002/dad2.70036

M3 - Article

SN - 2352-8729

VL - 16

JO - Alzheimer's and Dementia: Diagnosis, Assessment and Disease Monitoring

JF - Alzheimer's and Dementia: Diagnosis, Assessment and Disease Monitoring

IS - 4

M1 - e70036

ER -

Associations between depression and anxiety in midlife and dementia more than 30 years later: The HUNT Study

Abstract

Keywords

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