Association of vectorcardiographic T-wave area with clinical and echocardiographic outcomes in cardiac resynchronization therapy

AIMS: Data on repolarization parameters in cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) are scarce. We investigated the association of baseline T-wave area, with both clinical and echocardiographic outcomes of CRT in a large, multi-centre cohort of CRT recipients. Also, we evaluated the association between the baseline T-wave area and QRS area. METHODS AND RESULTS: In this retrospective study, 1355 consecutive CRT recipients were evaluated. Pre-implantation T-wave and QRS area were calculated from vectorcardiograms. Echocardiographic response was defined as a reduction of =15% in left ventricular end-systolic volume between 3 and 12 months after implantation. The clinical outcome was a combination of all-cause mortality, heart transplantation, and left ventricular assist device implantation. Left ventricular end-systolic volume reduction was largest in patients with QRS area = 109 µVs and T-wave area = 66 µVs compared with QRS area = 109 µVs and T-wave area < 66 µVs (P = 0.004), QRS area < 109 µVs and T-wave area = 66 µVs (P < 0.001) and QRS area < 109 µVs and T-wave area < 66 µVs (P < 0.001). Event-free survival rate was higher in the subgroup of patients with QRS area = 109 µVs and T-wave area = 66 µVs (n = 616, P < 0.001) and QRS area = 109 µVs and T-wave area < 66 µVs (n = 100, P < 0.001) than the other subgroups. In the multivariate analysis, T-wave area remained associated with echocardiographic response (P = 0.008), but not with the clinical outcome (P = 0.143), when QRS area was included in the model. CONCLUSION: Baseline T-wave area has a significant association with both clinical and echocardiographic outcomes after CRT. The association of T-wave area with echocardiographic response is independent from QRS area; the association with clinical outcome, however, is not.