Association of Chorioamnionitis With Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia Among Preterm Infants: A Systematic Review, Meta-analysis, and Metaregression

Eduardo Villamor-Martinez*, Maria Alvarez-Fuente, Amro M. T. Ghazi, Pieter Degraeuwe, Luc J. I. Zimmermann, Boris W. Kramer, Eduardo Villamor-Martinez*

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal(Systematic) Review article peer-review

Abstract

IMPORTANCE Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), a chronic lung disease of prematurity, remains one of the major and most common complications of very preterm birth. Insight into factors associated with the pathogenesis of BPD is key to improving its prevention and treatment.

OBJECTIVE To perform a systematic review, meta-analysis, and metaregression of clinical studies exploring the association between chorioamnionitis (CA) and BPD in preterm infants.

DATA SOURCES PubMed and Embase were searched without language restriction (last search, October 1, 2018). Key search terms included bronchopulmonary dysplasia, chorioamnionitis, and risk factors.

STUDY SELECTION Included studies were peer-reviewed studies examining preterm (

DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS TheMeta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) guideline was followed. Data were independently extracted by 2 researchers. A randomeffects model was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs. Heterogeneity in effect size across studies was studied using multivariate, random-effects metaregression analysis.

MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was BPD, defined as supplemental oxygen requirement on postnatal day 28 (BPD28) or at the postmenstrual age of 36 weeks (BPD36). Covariates considered as potential confounders included differences between CA-exposed and CA-unexposed infants in gestational age, rates of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), exposure to antenatal corticosteroids, and rates of early- and late-onset sepsis.

RESULTS A total of 3170 potentially relevant studies were found, of which 158 met the inclusion criteria (244 096 preterm infants, 20 971 CA cases, and 24 335 BPD cases). Meta-analysis showed that CA exposure was significantly associated with BPD28 (65 studies; OR, 2.32; 95% CI, 1.88-2.86; P

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The results of this study confirm that among preterm infants, exposure to CA is associated with a higher risk of developing BPD, but this association may be modulated by gestational age and risk of RDS.

Original languageEnglish
Article numbere1914611
Number of pages21
JournalJama network open
Volume2
Issue number11
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 6 Nov 2019

Keywords

  • BIRTH-WEIGHT INFANTS
  • CHRONIC LUNG-DISEASE
  • FETAL INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE
  • PERINATAL RISK-FACTORS
  • UREAPLASMA-UREALYTICUM COLONIZATION
  • RESPIRATORY-DISTRESS-SYNDROME
  • EARLY ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY
  • POOR NEONATAL GROWTH
  • PREMATURE-INFANTS
  • HISTOLOGICAL CHORIOAMNIONITIS

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