TY - JOUR
T1 - Artificial intelligence in cancer imaging
T2 - Clinical challenges and applications
AU - Bi, Wenya Linda
AU - Hosny, Ahmed
AU - Schabath, Matthew B.
AU - Giger, Maryellen L.
AU - Birkbak, Nicolai J.
AU - Mehrtash, Alireza
AU - Allison, Tavis
AU - Arnaout, Omar
AU - Abbosh, Christopher
AU - Dunn, Ian F.
AU - Mak, Raymond H.
AU - Tamimi, Rulla M.
AU - Tempany, Clare M.
AU - Swanton, Charles
AU - Hoffmann, Udo
AU - Schwartz, Lawrence H.
AU - Gillies, Robert J.
AU - Huang, Raymond Y.
AU - Aerts, Hugo J. W. L.
PY - 2019
Y1 - 2019
N2 - Judgement, as one of the core tenets of medicine, relies upon the integration of multilayered data with nuanced decision making. Cancer offers a unique context for medical decisions given not only its variegated forms with evolution of disease but also the need to take into account the individual condition of patients, their ability to receive treatment, and their responses to treatment. Challenges remain in the accurate detection, characterization, and monitoring of cancers despite improved technologies. Radiographic assessment of disease most commonly relies upon visual evaluations, the interpretations of which may be augmented by advanced computational analyses. In particular, artificial intelligence (AI) promises to make great strides in the qualitative interpretation of cancer imaging by expert clinicians, including volumetric delineation of tumors over time, extrapolation of the tumor genotype and biological course from its radiographic phenotype, prediction of clinical outcome, and assessment of the impact of disease and treatment on adjacent organs. AI may automate processes in the initial interpretation of images and shift the clinical workflow of radiographic detection, management decisions on whether or not to administer an intervention, and subsequent observation to a yet to be envisioned paradigm. Here, the authors review the current state of AI as applied to medical imaging of cancer and describe advances in 4 tumor types (lung, brain, breast, and prostate) to illustrate how common clinical problems are being addressed. Although most studies evaluating AI applications in oncology to date have not been vigorously validated for reproducibility and generalizability, the results do highlight increasingly concerted efforts in pushing AI technology to clinical use and to impact future directions in cancer care.
AB - Judgement, as one of the core tenets of medicine, relies upon the integration of multilayered data with nuanced decision making. Cancer offers a unique context for medical decisions given not only its variegated forms with evolution of disease but also the need to take into account the individual condition of patients, their ability to receive treatment, and their responses to treatment. Challenges remain in the accurate detection, characterization, and monitoring of cancers despite improved technologies. Radiographic assessment of disease most commonly relies upon visual evaluations, the interpretations of which may be augmented by advanced computational analyses. In particular, artificial intelligence (AI) promises to make great strides in the qualitative interpretation of cancer imaging by expert clinicians, including volumetric delineation of tumors over time, extrapolation of the tumor genotype and biological course from its radiographic phenotype, prediction of clinical outcome, and assessment of the impact of disease and treatment on adjacent organs. AI may automate processes in the initial interpretation of images and shift the clinical workflow of radiographic detection, management decisions on whether or not to administer an intervention, and subsequent observation to a yet to be envisioned paradigm. Here, the authors review the current state of AI as applied to medical imaging of cancer and describe advances in 4 tumor types (lung, brain, breast, and prostate) to illustrate how common clinical problems are being addressed. Although most studies evaluating AI applications in oncology to date have not been vigorously validated for reproducibility and generalizability, the results do highlight increasingly concerted efforts in pushing AI technology to clinical use and to impact future directions in cancer care.
KW - artificial intelligence
KW - cancer imaging
KW - clinical challenges
KW - deep learning
KW - radiomics
KW - COMPUTER-AIDED DETECTION
KW - DIGITAL BREAST TOMOSYNTHESIS
KW - BACKGROUND PARENCHYMAL ENHANCEMENT
KW - CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL-NETWORK
KW - MULTI-PARAMETRIC MRI
KW - DETECTION CAD SYSTEM
KW - HIGH-GRADE GLIOMAS
KW - PROSTATE-CANCER
KW - LUNG-CANCER
KW - PULMONARY NODULES
U2 - 10.3322/caac.21552
DO - 10.3322/caac.21552
M3 - (Systematic) Review article
C2 - 30720861
SN - 0007-9235
VL - 69
SP - 127
EP - 157
JO - Ca-A Cancer Journal for Clinicians
JF - Ca-A Cancer Journal for Clinicians
IS - 2
ER -