Anatomical Reference Points: Indispensable Aids

Peter Kessler*, Nicolas Hardt, Suen A.N. Lie

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceedingChapterAcademic

Abstract

1. The basis of a precise and uncomplicated osteotomy in the maxilla and midface region is a controlled and systematic approach. Cornerstones of the orientation are topographical-anatomical points/landmarks, which should be surgically identified in every case and at all times in order to be able to constantly have orientation for the surgical process 2. This prevents disorientation and possible complications caused by loss of control, which the novice will throw off course. Step by step and according to the rules, the surgical process must strictly be followed.
Original languageEnglish
Title of host publicationIllustrated Manual of Orthognathic Surgery: Osteotomies of the Maxilla and Midface
EditorsPeter Kessler, Nicolas Hardt, Kensuke Yamauchi
PublisherSpringer
Chapter15
Pages141-146
Number of pages6
ISBN (Electronic)9783031498695
ISBN (Print)9783031498688
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 1 Jan 2024

Keywords

  • Anatomical reference points in Le Fort osteotomies
  • Anatomy of the maxilla
  • Anatomy of the midface
  • Infratemporal fossa
  • Maxillary buttress Orbit
  • Maxillary sinus Infraorbital foramen
  • Nasal airway
  • Nasal aperture
  • Nasal spine
  • Pterygo-maxillary junction
  • Skull-base
  • Topography

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