Analysis of Outcomes in Ischemic vs Nonischemic Cardiomyopathy in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation: A Report from the GARFIELD-AF Registry

Ramon Corbalan; Jean Pierre Bassand; Laura Illingworth; Giuseppe Ambrosio; A. John Camm; David A. Fitzmaurice; Keith A.A. Fox; Samuel Z. Goldhaber; Shinya Goto; Sylvia Haas; Gloria Kayani; Lorenzo G. Mantovani; Frank Misselwitz; Karen S. Pieper; Alexander G.G. Turpie; Freek W.A. Verheugt; Ajay K. Kakkar; Werner Hacke; Martin van Eickels; Bernard J. Gersh; Hector Lucas Luciardi; Antonio Carlos Pereira Barretto; Stuart J. Connolly; Ramon Corbalan; Zhi Cheng Jing; Jørn Dalsgaard Nielsen; Matyas Keltai; Jitendra Pal Singh Sawhney; Carlos Jerjes Sánchez Díaz; Hugo Ten Cate; Seil Oh; Xavier Viñolas; Marten Rosenqvist; Pantep Angchaisuksiri; Ali Oto; Alex Parkhomenko; Wael Al Mahmeed; David Fitzmaurice; Samuel Z. Goldhaber; Yihong Sun; Dayi Hu; Lei Li; Wenling Liu; Kangning Chen; Hong Zhai; Yusheng Zhao; Ran Zhang; Huaiqin Zhang; Xiao Chen; Tingting Liu; GARFIELD-AF Investigators

doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2018.4729

Analysis of Outcomes in Ischemic vs Nonischemic Cardiomyopathy in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation: A Report from the GARFIELD-AF Registry

Ramon Corbalan^*, Jean Pierre Bassand, Laura Illingworth, Giuseppe Ambrosio, A. John Camm, David A. Fitzmaurice, Keith A.A. Fox, Samuel Z. Goldhaber, Shinya Goto, Sylvia Haas, Gloria Kayani, Lorenzo G. Mantovani, Frank Misselwitz, Karen S. Pieper, Alexander G.G. Turpie, Freek W.A. Verheugt, Ajay K. Kakkar, Werner Hacke, Martin van Eickels, Bernard J. GershHector Lucas Luciardi, Antonio Carlos Pereira Barretto, Stuart J. Connolly, Ramon Corbalan^*, Zhi Cheng Jing, Jørn Dalsgaard Nielsen, Matyas Keltai, Jitendra Pal Singh Sawhney, Carlos Jerjes Sánchez Díaz, Hugo Ten Cate, Seil Oh, Xavier Viñolas, Marten Rosenqvist, Pantep Angchaisuksiri, Ali Oto, Alex Parkhomenko, Wael Al Mahmeed, David Fitzmaurice, Samuel Z. Goldhaber, Yihong Sun, Dayi Hu, Lei Li, Wenling Liu, Kangning Chen, Hong Zhai, Yusheng Zhao, Ran Zhang, Huaiqin Zhang, Xiao Chen, Tingting Liu, GARFIELD-AF Investigators

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › (Systematic) Review article › peer-review

Abstract

Importance: Congestive heart failure (CHF) is commonly associated with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (AF), and their combination may affect treatment strategies and outcomes. Objective: To assess the treatment strategies and 1-year clinical outcomes of antithrombotic and CHF therapies for patients with newly diagnosed AF with concomitant CHF stratified by etiology (ischemic cardiomyopathy [ICM] vs nonischemic cardiomyopathy [NICM]). Design, Setting, and Participants: The GARFIELD-AF registry is a prospective, noninterventional registry. A total of 52014 patients with AF were enrolled between March 2010 and August 2016. A total of 11738 patients 18 years and older with newly diagnosed AF (≤6 weeks' duration) and at least 1 investigator-determined stroke risk factor were included. Data were analyzed from December 2017 to September 2018. Exposures: One-year follow-up rates of death, stroke/systemic embolism, and major bleeding were assessed. Main Outcomes and Measures: Event rates per 100 person-years were estimated from the Poisson model and Cox hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals. Results: The median age of the population was 71.0 years, 22987 of 52013 were women (44.2%) and 31958 of 52014 were white (61.4%). Of 11738 patients with CHF, 4717 (40.2%) had ICM and 7021 (59.8%) had NICM. Prescription of oral anticoagulant and antiplatelet drugs was not balanced between groups. Oral anticoagulants with or without antiplatelet drugs were used in 2753 patients with ICM (60.1%) and 5082 patients with NICM (73.7%). Antiplatelets were prescribed alone in 1576 patients with ICM (34.4%) and 1071 patients with NICM (15.5%). Compared with patients with NICM, use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers (72.6% [3439] vs 60.3% [4236]) and of β blockers (63.3% [2988] vs 53.2% [3737]) was higher in patients with ICM. Rates of all-cause and cardiovascular death per 100 patient-years were significantly higher in the ICM group (all-cause death: ICM, 10.2; 95% CI, 9.2-11.1; NICM, 7.0; 95% CI, 6.4-7.6; cardiovascular death: ICM, 5.1; 95% CI, 4.5-5.9; NICM, 2.9; 95% CI, 2.5-3.4). Stroke/systemic embolism rates tended to be higher in ICM groups compared with NICM groups (ICM, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.6-2.5; NICM, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.3-1.9). Major bleeding rates were significantly higher in the ICM group (1.1; 95% CI, 0.8-1.4) compared with the NICM group (0.7; 95% CI, 0.5-0.9). Conclusions and Relevance: Patients with ICM received oral anticoagulants with or without antiplatelet drugs less frequently and antiplatelets alone more frequently than patients with NICM, but they received angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers more often than patients with NICM. All-cause and cardiovascular death rates were higher in patients with ICM than patients with NICM. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01090362.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	526-548
Number of pages	23
Journal	JAMA Cardiology
Volume	4
Issue number	6
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1001/jamacardio.2018.4729
Publication status	Published - 1 Jun 2019

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10.1001/jamacardio.2018.4729

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Corbalan, R., Bassand, J. P., Illingworth, L., Ambrosio, G., Camm, A. J., Fitzmaurice, D. A., Fox, K. A. A., Goldhaber, S. Z., Goto, S., Haas, S., Kayani, G., Mantovani, L. G., Misselwitz, F., Pieper, K. S., Turpie, A. G. G., Verheugt, F. W. A., Kakkar, A. K., Hacke, W., van Eickels, M., ... GARFIELD-AF Investigators (2019). Analysis of Outcomes in Ischemic vs Nonischemic Cardiomyopathy in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation: A Report from the GARFIELD-AF Registry. JAMA Cardiology, 4(6), 526-548. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamacardio.2018.4729

@article{1ffa7be9a2934dc991af321566327e57,

title = "Analysis of Outcomes in Ischemic vs Nonischemic Cardiomyopathy in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation: A Report from the GARFIELD-AF Registry",

abstract = "Importance: Congestive heart failure (CHF) is commonly associated with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (AF), and their combination may affect treatment strategies and outcomes. Objective: To assess the treatment strategies and 1-year clinical outcomes of antithrombotic and CHF therapies for patients with newly diagnosed AF with concomitant CHF stratified by etiology (ischemic cardiomyopathy [ICM] vs nonischemic cardiomyopathy [NICM]). Design, Setting, and Participants: The GARFIELD-AF registry is a prospective, noninterventional registry. A total of 52014 patients with AF were enrolled between March 2010 and August 2016. A total of 11738 patients 18 years and older with newly diagnosed AF (≤6 weeks' duration) and at least 1 investigator-determined stroke risk factor were included. Data were analyzed from December 2017 to September 2018. Exposures: One-year follow-up rates of death, stroke/systemic embolism, and major bleeding were assessed. Main Outcomes and Measures: Event rates per 100 person-years were estimated from the Poisson model and Cox hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals. Results: The median age of the population was 71.0 years, 22987 of 52013 were women (44.2%) and 31958 of 52014 were white (61.4%). Of 11738 patients with CHF, 4717 (40.2%) had ICM and 7021 (59.8%) had NICM. Prescription of oral anticoagulant and antiplatelet drugs was not balanced between groups. Oral anticoagulants with or without antiplatelet drugs were used in 2753 patients with ICM (60.1%) and 5082 patients with NICM (73.7%). Antiplatelets were prescribed alone in 1576 patients with ICM (34.4%) and 1071 patients with NICM (15.5%). Compared with patients with NICM, use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers (72.6% [3439] vs 60.3% [4236]) and of β blockers (63.3% [2988] vs 53.2% [3737]) was higher in patients with ICM. Rates of all-cause and cardiovascular death per 100 patient-years were significantly higher in the ICM group (all-cause death: ICM, 10.2; 95% CI, 9.2-11.1; NICM, 7.0; 95% CI, 6.4-7.6; cardiovascular death: ICM, 5.1; 95% CI, 4.5-5.9; NICM, 2.9; 95% CI, 2.5-3.4). Stroke/systemic embolism rates tended to be higher in ICM groups compared with NICM groups (ICM, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.6-2.5; NICM, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.3-1.9). Major bleeding rates were significantly higher in the ICM group (1.1; 95% CI, 0.8-1.4) compared with the NICM group (0.7; 95% CI, 0.5-0.9). Conclusions and Relevance: Patients with ICM received oral anticoagulants with or without antiplatelet drugs less frequently and antiplatelets alone more frequently than patients with NICM, but they received angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers more often than patients with NICM. All-cause and cardiovascular death rates were higher in patients with ICM than patients with NICM. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01090362.",

author = "Ramon Corbalan and Bassand, {Jean Pierre} and Laura Illingworth and Giuseppe Ambrosio and Camm, {A. John} and Fitzmaurice, {David A.} and Fox, {Keith A.A.} and Goldhaber, {Samuel Z.} and Shinya Goto and Sylvia Haas and Gloria Kayani and Mantovani, {Lorenzo G.} and Frank Misselwitz and Pieper, {Karen S.} and Turpie, {Alexander G.G.} and Verheugt, {Freek W.A.} and Kakkar, {Ajay K.} and Werner Hacke and {van Eickels}, Martin and Gersh, {Bernard J.} and Luciardi, {Hector Lucas} and Barretto, {Antonio Carlos Pereira} and Connolly, {Stuart J.} and Ramon Corbalan and Jing, {Zhi Cheng} and Nielsen, {J{\o}rn Dalsgaard} and Matyas Keltai and Sawhney, {Jitendra Pal Singh} and D{\'i}az, {Carlos Jerjes S{\'a}nchez} and Cate, {Hugo Ten} and Seil Oh and Xavier Vi{\~n}olas and Marten Rosenqvist and Pantep Angchaisuksiri and Ali Oto and Alex Parkhomenko and Mahmeed, {Wael Al} and David Fitzmaurice and Goldhaber, {Samuel Z.} and Yihong Sun and Dayi Hu and Lei Li and Wenling Liu and Kangning Chen and Hong Zhai and Yusheng Zhao and Ran Zhang and Huaiqin Zhang and Xiao Chen and Tingting Liu and {GARFIELD-AF Investigators}",

note = "Funding Information: Boehringer Ingelheim as well as personal fees from Daiichi Sankyo and Pfizer/Bristol-Myers Squibb. Dr Fox has received grants and personal fees from Bayer/Janssen Pharmaceutica, grants from AstraZeneca, and personal fees from Sanofi/ Regeneron and Verseon. Dr Goldhaber has received research support from BiO2 Medical, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb, BTG EKOS Corporation, Daiichi Sankyo, Janssen Pharmaceutica, the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, and the Thrombosis Research Institute and has consulted for Agile Medical, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Daiichi Sankyo, Janssen Pharmaceutica, Portola Pharmaceuticals, and Soleno Therapeutics. Dr Goto has received grants from Bristol-Myers Squibb, the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology/Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Ono Pharmaceutical, Sanofi, and Pfizer. Dr Haas has received personal fees from Aspen Medical Products, Bayer, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Daiichi Sankyo, Portola Pharmaceuticals, and Sanofi. Dr Kayani has received grants from Bayer. Dr Mantovani has received grants and personal fees from Bayer and Boehringer Ingelheim, grants from Daiichi Sankyo, and personal fees from Pfizer. Dr Misselwitz is employed by and owns stock in Bayer. Dr Turpie has received personal fees from Bayer and the Thrombosis Research Institute. Dr Kakkar has received grants and personal fees from Bayer as well as personal fees from Boehringer Ingelheim, Daiichi Sankyo, Janssen Pharmaceutica, Sanofi, and Verseon. No other disclosures were reported. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2019 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.",

year = "2019",

month = jun,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1001/jamacardio.2018.4729",

language = "English",

volume = "4",

pages = "526--548",

journal = "JAMA Cardiology",

issn = "2380-6583",

publisher = "American Medical Association",

number = "6",

}

Corbalan, R, Bassand, JP, Illingworth, L, Ambrosio, G, Camm, AJ, Fitzmaurice, DA, Fox, KAA, Goldhaber, SZ, Goto, S, Haas, S, Kayani, G, Mantovani, LG, Misselwitz, F, Pieper, KS, Turpie, AGG, Verheugt, FWA, Kakkar, AK, Hacke, W, van Eickels, M, Gersh, BJ, Luciardi, HL, Barretto, ACP, Connolly, SJ, Corbalan, R, Jing, ZC, Nielsen, JD, Keltai, M, Sawhney, JPS, Díaz, CJS, Cate, HT, Oh, S, Viñolas, X, Rosenqvist, M, Angchaisuksiri, P, Oto, A, Parkhomenko, A, Mahmeed, WA, Fitzmaurice, D, Goldhaber, SZ, Sun, Y, Hu, D, Li, L, Liu, W, Chen, K, Zhai, H, Zhao, Y, Zhang, R, Zhang, H, Chen, X, Liu, T & GARFIELD-AF Investigators 2019, 'Analysis of Outcomes in Ischemic vs Nonischemic Cardiomyopathy in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation: A Report from the GARFIELD-AF Registry', JAMA Cardiology, vol. 4, no. 6, pp. 526-548. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamacardio.2018.4729

TY - JOUR

T1 - Analysis of Outcomes in Ischemic vs Nonischemic Cardiomyopathy in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation

T2 - A Report from the GARFIELD-AF Registry

AU - Corbalan, Ramon

AU - Bassand, Jean Pierre

AU - Illingworth, Laura

AU - Ambrosio, Giuseppe

AU - Camm, A. John

AU - Fitzmaurice, David A.

AU - Fox, Keith A.A.

AU - Goldhaber, Samuel Z.

AU - Goto, Shinya

AU - Haas, Sylvia

AU - Kayani, Gloria

AU - Mantovani, Lorenzo G.

AU - Misselwitz, Frank

AU - Pieper, Karen S.

AU - Turpie, Alexander G.G.

AU - Verheugt, Freek W.A.

AU - Kakkar, Ajay K.

AU - Hacke, Werner

AU - van Eickels, Martin

AU - Gersh, Bernard J.

AU - Luciardi, Hector Lucas

AU - Barretto, Antonio Carlos Pereira

AU - Connolly, Stuart J.

AU - Corbalan, Ramon

AU - Jing, Zhi Cheng

AU - Nielsen, Jørn Dalsgaard

AU - Keltai, Matyas

AU - Sawhney, Jitendra Pal Singh

AU - Díaz, Carlos Jerjes Sánchez

AU - Cate, Hugo Ten

AU - Oh, Seil

AU - Viñolas, Xavier

AU - Rosenqvist, Marten

AU - Angchaisuksiri, Pantep

AU - Oto, Ali

AU - Parkhomenko, Alex

AU - Mahmeed, Wael Al

AU - Fitzmaurice, David

AU - Goldhaber, Samuel Z.

AU - Sun, Yihong

AU - Hu, Dayi

AU - Li, Lei

AU - Liu, Wenling

AU - Chen, Kangning

AU - Zhai, Hong

AU - Zhao, Yusheng

AU - Zhang, Ran

AU - Zhang, Huaiqin

AU - Chen, Xiao

AU - Liu, Tingting

AU - GARFIELD-AF Investigators

N1 - Funding Information: Boehringer Ingelheim as well as personal fees from Daiichi Sankyo and Pfizer/Bristol-Myers Squibb. Dr Fox has received grants and personal fees from Bayer/Janssen Pharmaceutica, grants from AstraZeneca, and personal fees from Sanofi/ Regeneron and Verseon. Dr Goldhaber has received research support from BiO2 Medical, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb, BTG EKOS Corporation, Daiichi Sankyo, Janssen Pharmaceutica, the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, and the Thrombosis Research Institute and has consulted for Agile Medical, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Daiichi Sankyo, Janssen Pharmaceutica, Portola Pharmaceuticals, and Soleno Therapeutics. Dr Goto has received grants from Bristol-Myers Squibb, the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology/Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Ono Pharmaceutical, Sanofi, and Pfizer. Dr Haas has received personal fees from Aspen Medical Products, Bayer, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Daiichi Sankyo, Portola Pharmaceuticals, and Sanofi. Dr Kayani has received grants from Bayer. Dr Mantovani has received grants and personal fees from Bayer and Boehringer Ingelheim, grants from Daiichi Sankyo, and personal fees from Pfizer. Dr Misselwitz is employed by and owns stock in Bayer. Dr Turpie has received personal fees from Bayer and the Thrombosis Research Institute. Dr Kakkar has received grants and personal fees from Bayer as well as personal fees from Boehringer Ingelheim, Daiichi Sankyo, Janssen Pharmaceutica, Sanofi, and Verseon. No other disclosures were reported. Publisher Copyright: © 2019 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.

PY - 2019/6/1

Y1 - 2019/6/1

N2 - Importance: Congestive heart failure (CHF) is commonly associated with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (AF), and their combination may affect treatment strategies and outcomes. Objective: To assess the treatment strategies and 1-year clinical outcomes of antithrombotic and CHF therapies for patients with newly diagnosed AF with concomitant CHF stratified by etiology (ischemic cardiomyopathy [ICM] vs nonischemic cardiomyopathy [NICM]). Design, Setting, and Participants: The GARFIELD-AF registry is a prospective, noninterventional registry. A total of 52014 patients with AF were enrolled between March 2010 and August 2016. A total of 11738 patients 18 years and older with newly diagnosed AF (≤6 weeks' duration) and at least 1 investigator-determined stroke risk factor were included. Data were analyzed from December 2017 to September 2018. Exposures: One-year follow-up rates of death, stroke/systemic embolism, and major bleeding were assessed. Main Outcomes and Measures: Event rates per 100 person-years were estimated from the Poisson model and Cox hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals. Results: The median age of the population was 71.0 years, 22987 of 52013 were women (44.2%) and 31958 of 52014 were white (61.4%). Of 11738 patients with CHF, 4717 (40.2%) had ICM and 7021 (59.8%) had NICM. Prescription of oral anticoagulant and antiplatelet drugs was not balanced between groups. Oral anticoagulants with or without antiplatelet drugs were used in 2753 patients with ICM (60.1%) and 5082 patients with NICM (73.7%). Antiplatelets were prescribed alone in 1576 patients with ICM (34.4%) and 1071 patients with NICM (15.5%). Compared with patients with NICM, use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers (72.6% [3439] vs 60.3% [4236]) and of β blockers (63.3% [2988] vs 53.2% [3737]) was higher in patients with ICM. Rates of all-cause and cardiovascular death per 100 patient-years were significantly higher in the ICM group (all-cause death: ICM, 10.2; 95% CI, 9.2-11.1; NICM, 7.0; 95% CI, 6.4-7.6; cardiovascular death: ICM, 5.1; 95% CI, 4.5-5.9; NICM, 2.9; 95% CI, 2.5-3.4). Stroke/systemic embolism rates tended to be higher in ICM groups compared with NICM groups (ICM, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.6-2.5; NICM, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.3-1.9). Major bleeding rates were significantly higher in the ICM group (1.1; 95% CI, 0.8-1.4) compared with the NICM group (0.7; 95% CI, 0.5-0.9). Conclusions and Relevance: Patients with ICM received oral anticoagulants with or without antiplatelet drugs less frequently and antiplatelets alone more frequently than patients with NICM, but they received angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers more often than patients with NICM. All-cause and cardiovascular death rates were higher in patients with ICM than patients with NICM. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01090362.

AB - Importance: Congestive heart failure (CHF) is commonly associated with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (AF), and their combination may affect treatment strategies and outcomes. Objective: To assess the treatment strategies and 1-year clinical outcomes of antithrombotic and CHF therapies for patients with newly diagnosed AF with concomitant CHF stratified by etiology (ischemic cardiomyopathy [ICM] vs nonischemic cardiomyopathy [NICM]). Design, Setting, and Participants: The GARFIELD-AF registry is a prospective, noninterventional registry. A total of 52014 patients with AF were enrolled between March 2010 and August 2016. A total of 11738 patients 18 years and older with newly diagnosed AF (≤6 weeks' duration) and at least 1 investigator-determined stroke risk factor were included. Data were analyzed from December 2017 to September 2018. Exposures: One-year follow-up rates of death, stroke/systemic embolism, and major bleeding were assessed. Main Outcomes and Measures: Event rates per 100 person-years were estimated from the Poisson model and Cox hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals. Results: The median age of the population was 71.0 years, 22987 of 52013 were women (44.2%) and 31958 of 52014 were white (61.4%). Of 11738 patients with CHF, 4717 (40.2%) had ICM and 7021 (59.8%) had NICM. Prescription of oral anticoagulant and antiplatelet drugs was not balanced between groups. Oral anticoagulants with or without antiplatelet drugs were used in 2753 patients with ICM (60.1%) and 5082 patients with NICM (73.7%). Antiplatelets were prescribed alone in 1576 patients with ICM (34.4%) and 1071 patients with NICM (15.5%). Compared with patients with NICM, use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers (72.6% [3439] vs 60.3% [4236]) and of β blockers (63.3% [2988] vs 53.2% [3737]) was higher in patients with ICM. Rates of all-cause and cardiovascular death per 100 patient-years were significantly higher in the ICM group (all-cause death: ICM, 10.2; 95% CI, 9.2-11.1; NICM, 7.0; 95% CI, 6.4-7.6; cardiovascular death: ICM, 5.1; 95% CI, 4.5-5.9; NICM, 2.9; 95% CI, 2.5-3.4). Stroke/systemic embolism rates tended to be higher in ICM groups compared with NICM groups (ICM, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.6-2.5; NICM, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.3-1.9). Major bleeding rates were significantly higher in the ICM group (1.1; 95% CI, 0.8-1.4) compared with the NICM group (0.7; 95% CI, 0.5-0.9). Conclusions and Relevance: Patients with ICM received oral anticoagulants with or without antiplatelet drugs less frequently and antiplatelets alone more frequently than patients with NICM, but they received angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers more often than patients with NICM. All-cause and cardiovascular death rates were higher in patients with ICM than patients with NICM. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01090362.

U2 - 10.1001/jamacardio.2018.4729

DO - 10.1001/jamacardio.2018.4729

M3 - (Systematic) Review article

SN - 2380-6583

VL - 4

SP - 526

EP - 548

JO - JAMA Cardiology

JF - JAMA Cardiology

IS - 6

ER -

Analysis of Outcomes in Ischemic vs Nonischemic Cardiomyopathy in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation: A Report from the GARFIELD-AF Registry

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