@article{ea2dbe1139114071b83411ddf4272c2f,
title = "Adulthood Socioeconomic Position and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus-A Comparison of Education, Occupation, Income, and Material Deprivation: The Maastricht Study",
abstract = "In an effort to better quantify the impact of adulthood socioeconomic circumstances on prediabetes and type 2 diabetes (T2DM), we set out to examine the relative importance of four adulthood socioeconomic indicators. Using cross-sectional data from The Maastricht Study on 2011 middle-aged older men and women, our findings indicate that low educational level (OR = 1.81, 95% CI = 1.24-2.64), low occupational level (OR = 1.42, 95% CI = 0.98-2.05), and material deprivation (OR = 1.78, 95% CI = 1.33-2.38) were independently associated with T2DM. Low income (OR = 1.28, 95% CI = 0.88-1.87) was the strongest, albeit not significant, SEP (socioeconomic position) correlate of prediabetes. This association confirms SEP as a multifaceted concept and indicates the need to measure SEP accordingly. In order to tackle the social gradient in prediabetes and T2DM, one should, therefore, address multiple SEP indicators and their possible pathways.",
keywords = "socioeconomic position, type 2 diabetes mellitus, prediabetes, epidemiology, SELF-RATED HEALTH, RISK-FACTORS, SOCIAL-CLASS, INEQUALITIES, INTELLIGENCE, INDICATORS, COMPLICATIONS, DETERMINANTS, PREDICTOR, OBESITY",
author = "Yuwei Qi and Annemarie Koster and {van Boxtel}, Martin and Sebastian K{\"o}hler and Miranda Schram and Nicolaas Schaper and Coen Stehouwer and Hans Bosma",
note = "Funding Information: Funding: This work was supported by the European Regional Development Fund via OP-Zuid, the Province of Limburg, the Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs (grant number 31O.041), Stichting De Weijerhorst (Maastricht, The Netherlands), the Pearl String Initiative Diabetes (Amsterdam, The Netherlands), the Cardiovascular Center (CVC, Maastricht, The Netherlands), CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases (Maastricht, The Netherlands), CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care (Maastricht, The Netherlands), NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (Maastricht, The Netherlands), Stichting Annadal (Maastricht, The Netherlands), Health Foundation Limburg (Maastricht, The Netherlands) and by unrestricted grants from Janssen-Cilag B.V. (Tilburg, The Netherlands), Novo Nordisk Farma B.V. (Alphen aan den Rijn, The Netherlands), and Sanofi-Aventis Netherlands B.V. (Gouda, The Netherlands). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.",
year = "2019",
month = apr,
day = "23",
doi = "10.3390/ijerph16081435",
language = "English",
volume = "16",
journal = "International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health",
issn = "1660-4601",
publisher = "Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)",
number = "8",
}