TY - JOUR
T1 - Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and Risks of Prostate and Bladder Cancer in the Netherlands Cohort Study
AU - Schulpen, Maya
AU - van den Brandt, Piet A.
N1 - Funding Information:
This study was funded by the Wereld Kanker Onderzoek Fonds Nederland (WCRF-NL), as part of the World Cancer Research Fund International grant program (Grant No. 2015/1390 to P.A. van den Brandt). We are indebted to the participants of the Netherlands Cohort Study (NLCS) and further wish to thank the Netherlands Cancer Registry and the Dutch Pathology Registry. Additionally, NLCS staff members are acknowledged for their valuable assistance and advice.
Funding Information:
This study was funded by the Wereld Kanker Onderzoek Fonds Nederland (WCRF-NL), as part of the World Cancer Research Fund International grant program(Grant No. 2015/1390 to P.A. van den Brandt).We are indebted to the participants of the Netherlands Cohort Study (NLCS) and further wish to thank the Netherlands Cancer Registry and the Dutch Pathology Registry. Additionally, NLCS staff members are acknowledged for their valuable assistance and advice
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 American Association for Cancer Research.
PY - 2019/9
Y1 - 2019/9
N2 - Background: Prostate cancer and urinary bladder cancer are frequently occurring cancers with few risk factors identified. We examined the relation of Mediterranean diet (MD) adherence with risks of prostate and bladder cancer in the Netherlands Cohort Study (NLCS).Methods: Data were available for 58,279 men and 62,573 women, who completed a baseline questionnaire on diet and other cancer risk factors. Multiple MD scores, including the alternate Mediterranean diet score without alcohol (aMEDr), were calculated to assess MD adherence. After 20.3 years of follow-up, 3,868 prostate cancer cases (advanced: 1,256) and 1,884 bladder cancer cases could be induded in multivariable Cox proportional hazards analyses.Results: aMEDr was not associated with advanced prostate cancer risk [hazard ratio (HR)(per )(2-point increment) (95% confidence interval, 95% CI) = 1.06 (0.96-1.17)]. In contrast, higher aMEDr values were associated with a significantly increased risk of nonadvanced prostate cancer (P-trend = 0.04). For bladder cancer risk, no association was observed with aMEDr [HRper 2-point (increment) (95 % CI) = 1.00 (0.92-1.09)]. Absolute scores based on the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) dietary recommendations were not associated with prostate or bladder cancer risk.Conclusions: MD adherence, measured by aMEDr or other MD scores, was not associated with decreased risks of advanced prostate cancer and bladder cancer in the NLCS. Higher levels of care-seeking behavior, screening attendance, and prostate cancer awareness in higher educated men with healthier lifestyles could potentially explain the positive associations observed for nonadvanced prostate cancer risk.Impact: MD adherence does not seem to reduce the risk of (advanced) prostate cancer or bladder cancer.
AB - Background: Prostate cancer and urinary bladder cancer are frequently occurring cancers with few risk factors identified. We examined the relation of Mediterranean diet (MD) adherence with risks of prostate and bladder cancer in the Netherlands Cohort Study (NLCS).Methods: Data were available for 58,279 men and 62,573 women, who completed a baseline questionnaire on diet and other cancer risk factors. Multiple MD scores, including the alternate Mediterranean diet score without alcohol (aMEDr), were calculated to assess MD adherence. After 20.3 years of follow-up, 3,868 prostate cancer cases (advanced: 1,256) and 1,884 bladder cancer cases could be induded in multivariable Cox proportional hazards analyses.Results: aMEDr was not associated with advanced prostate cancer risk [hazard ratio (HR)(per )(2-point increment) (95% confidence interval, 95% CI) = 1.06 (0.96-1.17)]. In contrast, higher aMEDr values were associated with a significantly increased risk of nonadvanced prostate cancer (P-trend = 0.04). For bladder cancer risk, no association was observed with aMEDr [HRper 2-point (increment) (95 % CI) = 1.00 (0.92-1.09)]. Absolute scores based on the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) dietary recommendations were not associated with prostate or bladder cancer risk.Conclusions: MD adherence, measured by aMEDr or other MD scores, was not associated with decreased risks of advanced prostate cancer and bladder cancer in the NLCS. Higher levels of care-seeking behavior, screening attendance, and prostate cancer awareness in higher educated men with healthier lifestyles could potentially explain the positive associations observed for nonadvanced prostate cancer risk.Impact: MD adherence does not seem to reduce the risk of (advanced) prostate cancer or bladder cancer.
KW - RESEARCH FUND/AMERICAN INSTITUTE
KW - SCALE PROSPECTIVE COHORT
KW - NIH-AARP DIET
KW - RESEARCH GUIDELINES
KW - MORTALITY
KW - SURVIVAL
KW - QUESTIONNAIRE
KW - ASSOCIATION
KW - POPULATION
KW - PATTERNS
U2 - 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-19-0224
DO - 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-19-0224
M3 - Article
C2 - 31235470
SN - 1055-9965
VL - 28
SP - 1480
EP - 1488
JO - Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention
JF - Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention
IS - 9
ER -