Acute and repeated impact of sweeteners and sweetness enhancers in solid and semi-solid foods on appetite: protocol for a multicentre, cross-over, RCT in people with overweight/obesity - the SWEET Project

Catherine Gibbons; Beverley O'Hara; Dominic O'Connor; Charlotte Hardman; Moon Wilton; Joanne A Harrold; Eva Almiron-Roig; Santiago Navas-Carretero; Charo E Hodgkins; Julie Anne Nazare; Maud Alligier; Jose Alfredo Martínez; Corey Scott; Louise Kjølbæk; Mie Normand; Cécile Rannou; Ellen E Blaak; Edith Feskens; Hariklia Moshoyiannis; Anne Raben; Jason C G Halford; Kristine Beaulieu; Graham Finlayson

doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2022-063903

Acute and repeated impact of sweeteners and sweetness enhancers in solid and semi-solid foods on appetite: protocol for a multicentre, cross-over, RCT in people with overweight/obesity - the SWEET Project

Catherine Gibbons^*, Beverley O'Hara, Dominic O'Connor, Charlotte Hardman, Moon Wilton, Joanne A Harrold, Eva Almiron-Roig, Santiago Navas-Carretero, Charo E Hodgkins, Julie Anne Nazare, Maud Alligier, Jose Alfredo Martínez, Corey Scott, Louise Kjølbæk, Mie Normand, Cécile Rannou, Ellen E Blaak, Edith Feskens, Hariklia Moshoyiannis, Anne RabenJason C G Halford, Kristine Beaulieu, Graham Finlayson

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Academic › peer-review

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Intake of free sugars in European countries is high and attempts to reduce sugar intake have been mostly ineffective. Non-nutritive sweeteners and sweetness enhancers (S&SEs) can maintain sweet taste in the absence of energy, but little is known about the impact of acute and repeated consumption of S&SE in foods on appetite. This study aims to evaluate the effect of acute and repeated consumption of two individual S&SEs and two S&SE blends in semisolid and solid foods on appetite and related behavioural, metabolic and health outcomes.

METHODS AND ANALYSIS: A work package of the SWEET Project; this study consists of five double-blind randomised cross-over trials which will be carried out at five sites across four European countries, aiming to have n=213. Five food matrices will be tested across three formulations (sucrose-sweetened control vs two reformulated products with S&SE blends and no added sugar). Participants (body mass index 25-35 kg/m2; aged 18-60 years) will consume each formulation for 14 days. The primary endpoint is composite appetite score (hunger, inverse of fullness, desire to eat and prospective food consumption) over a 3-hour postprandial incremental area under the curve during clinical investigation days on days 1 and 14.

ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The trial has been approved by national ethical committees and will be conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Results will be published in international peer-reviewed open-access scientific journals. Research data from the trial will be deposited in an open-access online research data archive.

TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT04633681.

Original language	English
Article number	e063903
Number of pages	9
Journal	BMJ Open
Volume	12
Issue number	12
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-063903
Publication status	Published - 23 Dec 2022

Keywords

Humans
Sweetening Agents
Appetite
Overweight
Taste
Energy Intake
Obesity/metabolism
Sugars
Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
Multicenter Studies as Topic

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Gibbons, C., O'Hara, B., O'Connor, D., Hardman, C., Wilton, M., Harrold, J. A., Almiron-Roig, E., Navas-Carretero, S., Hodgkins, C. E., Nazare, J. A., Alligier, M., Martínez, J. A., Scott, C., Kjølbæk, L., Normand, M., Rannou, C., Blaak, E. E., Feskens, E., Moshoyiannis, H., ... Finlayson, G. (2022). Acute and repeated impact of sweeteners and sweetness enhancers in solid and semi-solid foods on appetite: protocol for a multicentre, cross-over, RCT in people with overweight/obesity - the SWEET Project. BMJ Open, 12(12), Article e063903. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-063903

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title = "Acute and repeated impact of sweeteners and sweetness enhancers in solid and semi-solid foods on appetite: protocol for a multicentre, cross-over, RCT in people with overweight/obesity - the SWEET Project",

abstract = "INTRODUCTION: Intake of free sugars in European countries is high and attempts to reduce sugar intake have been mostly ineffective. Non-nutritive sweeteners and sweetness enhancers (S&SEs) can maintain sweet taste in the absence of energy, but little is known about the impact of acute and repeated consumption of S&SE in foods on appetite. This study aims to evaluate the effect of acute and repeated consumption of two individual S&SEs and two S&SE blends in semisolid and solid foods on appetite and related behavioural, metabolic and health outcomes.METHODS AND ANALYSIS: A work package of the SWEET Project; this study consists of five double-blind randomised cross-over trials which will be carried out at five sites across four European countries, aiming to have n=213. Five food matrices will be tested across three formulations (sucrose-sweetened control vs two reformulated products with S&SE blends and no added sugar). Participants (body mass index 25-35 kg/m2; aged 18-60 years) will consume each formulation for 14 days. The primary endpoint is composite appetite score (hunger, inverse of fullness, desire to eat and prospective food consumption) over a 3-hour postprandial incremental area under the curve during clinical investigation days on days 1 and 14.ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The trial has been approved by national ethical committees and will be conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Results will be published in international peer-reviewed open-access scientific journals. Research data from the trial will be deposited in an open-access online research data archive.TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT04633681.",

keywords = "Humans, Sweetening Agents, Appetite, Overweight, Taste, Energy Intake, Obesity/metabolism, Sugars, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Multicenter Studies as Topic",

author = "Catherine Gibbons and Beverley O'Hara and Dominic O'Connor and Charlotte Hardman and Moon Wilton and Harrold, {Joanne A} and Eva Almiron-Roig and Santiago Navas-Carretero and Hodgkins, {Charo E} and Nazare, {Julie Anne} and Maud Alligier and Mart{\'i}nez, {Jose Alfredo} and Corey Scott and Louise Kj{\o}lb{\ae}k and Mie Normand and C{\'e}cile Rannou and Blaak, {Ellen E} and Edith Feskens and Hariklia Moshoyiannis and Anne Raben and Halford, {Jason C G} and Kristine Beaulieu and Graham Finlayson",

note = "{\textcopyright} Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2022. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.",

year = "2022",

month = dec,

day = "23",

doi = "10.1136/bmjopen-2022-063903",

language = "English",

volume = "12",

journal = "BMJ Open",

issn = "2044-6055",

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Gibbons, C, O'Hara, B, O'Connor, D, Hardman, C, Wilton, M, Harrold, JA, Almiron-Roig, E, Navas-Carretero, S, Hodgkins, CE, Nazare, JA, Alligier, M, Martínez, JA, Scott, C, Kjølbæk, L, Normand, M, Rannou, C, Blaak, EE, Feskens, E, Moshoyiannis, H, Raben, A, Halford, JCG, Beaulieu, K & Finlayson, G 2022, 'Acute and repeated impact of sweeteners and sweetness enhancers in solid and semi-solid foods on appetite: protocol for a multicentre, cross-over, RCT in people with overweight/obesity - the SWEET Project', BMJ Open, vol. 12, no. 12, e063903. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-063903

Acute and repeated impact of sweeteners and sweetness enhancers in solid and semi-solid foods on appetite: protocol for a multicentre, cross-over, RCT in people with overweight/obesity - the SWEET Project. / Gibbons, Catherine; O'Hara, Beverley; O'Connor, Dominic et al.
In: BMJ Open, Vol. 12, No. 12, e063903, 23.12.2022.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Academic › peer-review

TY - JOUR

T1 - Acute and repeated impact of sweeteners and sweetness enhancers in solid and semi-solid foods on appetite

T2 - protocol for a multicentre, cross-over, RCT in people with overweight/obesity - the SWEET Project

AU - Gibbons, Catherine

AU - O'Hara, Beverley

AU - O'Connor, Dominic

AU - Hardman, Charlotte

AU - Wilton, Moon

AU - Harrold, Joanne A

AU - Almiron-Roig, Eva

AU - Navas-Carretero, Santiago

AU - Hodgkins, Charo E

AU - Nazare, Julie Anne

AU - Alligier, Maud

AU - Martínez, Jose Alfredo

AU - Scott, Corey

AU - Kjølbæk, Louise

AU - Normand, Mie

AU - Rannou, Cécile

AU - Blaak, Ellen E

AU - Feskens, Edith

AU - Moshoyiannis, Hariklia

AU - Raben, Anne

AU - Halford, Jason C G

AU - Beaulieu, Kristine

AU - Finlayson, Graham

PY - 2022/12/23

Y1 - 2022/12/23

N2 - INTRODUCTION: Intake of free sugars in European countries is high and attempts to reduce sugar intake have been mostly ineffective. Non-nutritive sweeteners and sweetness enhancers (S&SEs) can maintain sweet taste in the absence of energy, but little is known about the impact of acute and repeated consumption of S&SE in foods on appetite. This study aims to evaluate the effect of acute and repeated consumption of two individual S&SEs and two S&SE blends in semisolid and solid foods on appetite and related behavioural, metabolic and health outcomes.METHODS AND ANALYSIS: A work package of the SWEET Project; this study consists of five double-blind randomised cross-over trials which will be carried out at five sites across four European countries, aiming to have n=213. Five food matrices will be tested across three formulations (sucrose-sweetened control vs two reformulated products with S&SE blends and no added sugar). Participants (body mass index 25-35 kg/m2; aged 18-60 years) will consume each formulation for 14 days. The primary endpoint is composite appetite score (hunger, inverse of fullness, desire to eat and prospective food consumption) over a 3-hour postprandial incremental area under the curve during clinical investigation days on days 1 and 14.ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The trial has been approved by national ethical committees and will be conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Results will be published in international peer-reviewed open-access scientific journals. Research data from the trial will be deposited in an open-access online research data archive.TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT04633681.

AB - INTRODUCTION: Intake of free sugars in European countries is high and attempts to reduce sugar intake have been mostly ineffective. Non-nutritive sweeteners and sweetness enhancers (S&SEs) can maintain sweet taste in the absence of energy, but little is known about the impact of acute and repeated consumption of S&SE in foods on appetite. This study aims to evaluate the effect of acute and repeated consumption of two individual S&SEs and two S&SE blends in semisolid and solid foods on appetite and related behavioural, metabolic and health outcomes.METHODS AND ANALYSIS: A work package of the SWEET Project; this study consists of five double-blind randomised cross-over trials which will be carried out at five sites across four European countries, aiming to have n=213. Five food matrices will be tested across three formulations (sucrose-sweetened control vs two reformulated products with S&SE blends and no added sugar). Participants (body mass index 25-35 kg/m2; aged 18-60 years) will consume each formulation for 14 days. The primary endpoint is composite appetite score (hunger, inverse of fullness, desire to eat and prospective food consumption) over a 3-hour postprandial incremental area under the curve during clinical investigation days on days 1 and 14.ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The trial has been approved by national ethical committees and will be conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Results will be published in international peer-reviewed open-access scientific journals. Research data from the trial will be deposited in an open-access online research data archive.TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT04633681.

KW - Humans

KW - Sweetening Agents

KW - Appetite

KW - Overweight

KW - Taste

KW - Energy Intake

KW - Obesity/metabolism

KW - Sugars

KW - Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic

KW - Multicenter Studies as Topic

U2 - 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-063903

DO - 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-063903

M3 - Article

C2 - 36564114

SN - 2044-6055

VL - 12

JO - BMJ Open

JF - BMJ Open

IS - 12

M1 - e063903

ER -