A synthesis of meta-analyses of immersive virtual reality interventions in pain

Tessa Rooney, Louise Sharpe, Natalie Winiarski, Jemma Todd, Ben Colagiuri, Dimitri Van Ryckeghem, Geert Crombez, Stefan C. Michalski

Research output: Contribution to journal(Systematic) Review article peer-review

Abstract

The severity and impact of pain can vary greatly, even in individuals with the same physical injury. This variation underscores the need for a variety of treatment strategies in effective pain management. Virtual reality (VR) is an emerging technology that has been used as a treatment in diverse pain populations and for diverse indications. In recent decades, many trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses have examined the impact of VR for pain management. While there is some evidence for efficacy in terms of distraction, pre-exposure, and physical therapy; populations, comparators and interventions differ significantly between existing meta-analyses. Thus, the present umbrella review was conducted to determine the overall strength of evidence for all identified populations, comparators, and interventions by synthesising available meta-analyses. Fifty-four meta-analyses reporting on the effect of immersive VR interventions in pain management were identified. Overall, VR interventions appeared efficacious for procedural pain conditions, where used for distraction, and when compared to standard care. While there was some evidence for efficacy in chronic pain populations, this only indicated short-term improvement in pain intensity. We also identified numerous areas for future research wherein the available results were inconclusive, such as examining long term interventions and outcomes for chronic pain populations, reporting of adverse events, and examining the efficacy of VR interventions designed for physical therapy, augmented cognitive therapies, or pre-exposure.
Original languageEnglish
Article number102566
Number of pages16
JournalClinical psychology review
Volume117
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Apr 2025

Keywords

  • Acute pain
  • Chronic pain
  • Distraction
  • Pain
  • Procedural pain
  • Virtual reality

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