TY - JOUR
T1 - A novel combination of corneal confocal microscopy, clinical features and artificial intelligence for evaluation of ocular surface pain
AU - Kundu, Gairik
AU - Shetty, Rohit
AU - D'Souza, Sharon
AU - Khamar, Pooja
AU - Nuijts, Rudy M M A
AU - Sethu, Swaminathan
AU - Roy, Abhijit Sinha
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 Kundu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
PY - 2022/11
Y1 - 2022/11
N2 - Objectives To analyse various corneal nerve parameters using confocal microscopy along with systemic and orthoptic parameters in patients presenting with ocular surface pain using a random forest artificial intelligence (AI) model. Design Observational, cross-sectional. Methods Two hundred forty eyes of 120 patients with primary symptom of ocular surface pain or discomfort and control group of 60 eyes of 31 patients with no symptoms of ocular pain were analysed. A detailed ocular examination included visual acuity, refraction, slit-lamp and fundus. All eyes underwent laser scanning confocal microscopy (Heidelberg Engineering, Germany) and their nerve parameters were evaluated. The presence or absence of orthoptic issues and connective tissue disorders were included in the AI. The eyes were grouped as those (Group 1) with symptom grade higher than signs, (Group 2) with similar grades of symptoms and signs, (Group3) without symptoms but with signs, (Group 4) without symptoms and signs. The area under curve (AUC), accuracy, recall, precision and F1-score were evaluated. Results Over all, the AI achieved an AUC of 0.736, accuracy of 86%, F1-score of 85.9%, precision of 85.6% and recall of 86.3%. The accuracy was the highest for Group 2 and least for Group 3 eyes.
AB - Objectives To analyse various corneal nerve parameters using confocal microscopy along with systemic and orthoptic parameters in patients presenting with ocular surface pain using a random forest artificial intelligence (AI) model. Design Observational, cross-sectional. Methods Two hundred forty eyes of 120 patients with primary symptom of ocular surface pain or discomfort and control group of 60 eyes of 31 patients with no symptoms of ocular pain were analysed. A detailed ocular examination included visual acuity, refraction, slit-lamp and fundus. All eyes underwent laser scanning confocal microscopy (Heidelberg Engineering, Germany) and their nerve parameters were evaluated. The presence or absence of orthoptic issues and connective tissue disorders were included in the AI. The eyes were grouped as those (Group 1) with symptom grade higher than signs, (Group 2) with similar grades of symptoms and signs, (Group3) without symptoms but with signs, (Group 4) without symptoms and signs. The area under curve (AUC), accuracy, recall, precision and F1-score were evaluated. Results Over all, the AI achieved an AUC of 0.736, accuracy of 86%, F1-score of 85.9%, precision of 85.6% and recall of 86.3%. The accuracy was the highest for Group 2 and least for Group 3 eyes.
KW - Humans
KW - Artificial Intelligence
KW - Cross-Sectional Studies
KW - Cornea/innervation
KW - Microscopy, Confocal/methods
KW - Pain
U2 - 10.1371/journal.pone.0277086
DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0277086
M3 - Article
C2 - 36318586
SN - 1932-6203
VL - 17
JO - PLOS ONE
JF - PLOS ONE
IS - 11
M1 - e0277086
ER -