TY - JOUR
T1 - A microscopic view on the renal endothelial glycocalyx
AU - Dane, Martijn J. C.
AU - van den Berg, Bernard M.
AU - Lee, Dae Hyun
AU - Boels, Margien G. S.
AU - Tiemeier, Gesa L.
AU - Avramut, M. Cristina
AU - van Zonneveld, Anton Jan
AU - van der Vlag, Johan
AU - Vink, Hans
AU - Rabelink, Ton J.
PY - 2015/5/1
Y1 - 2015/5/1
N2 - Endothelial cells perform key homeostatic functions such as regulating blood flow, permeability, and aiding immune surveillance for pathogens. While endothelial activation serves normal physiological adaptation, maladaptation of these endothelial functions has been identified as an important effector mechanism in the progression of renal disease as well as the associated development of cardiovascular disease. The primary interface between blood and the endothelium is the glycocalyx. This carbohydrate-rich gel-like structure with its associated proteins mediates most of the regulatory functions of the endothelium. Because the endothelial glycocalyx is a highly dynamic and fragile structure ex vivo, and traditional tissue processing for staining and perfusion-fixation usually results in a partial or complete loss of the glycocalyx, studying its dimensions and function has proven to be challenging. In this review, we will outline the core functions of the glycocalyx and focus on different techniques to study structure-function relationships in kidney and vasculature.
AB - Endothelial cells perform key homeostatic functions such as regulating blood flow, permeability, and aiding immune surveillance for pathogens. While endothelial activation serves normal physiological adaptation, maladaptation of these endothelial functions has been identified as an important effector mechanism in the progression of renal disease as well as the associated development of cardiovascular disease. The primary interface between blood and the endothelium is the glycocalyx. This carbohydrate-rich gel-like structure with its associated proteins mediates most of the regulatory functions of the endothelium. Because the endothelial glycocalyx is a highly dynamic and fragile structure ex vivo, and traditional tissue processing for staining and perfusion-fixation usually results in a partial or complete loss of the glycocalyx, studying its dimensions and function has proven to be challenging. In this review, we will outline the core functions of the glycocalyx and focus on different techniques to study structure-function relationships in kidney and vasculature.
KW - renal
KW - endothelial glycocalyx
KW - endothelial surface layer
KW - imaging
KW - glomerular endothelium
U2 - 10.1152/ajprenal.00532.2014
DO - 10.1152/ajprenal.00532.2014
M3 - Article
C2 - 25673809
SN - 1931-857X
VL - 308
SP - F956-F966
JO - American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology
JF - American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology
IS - 9
ER -