TY - JOUR
T1 - A guide to the organ-on-a-chip
AU - Leung, C.M.
AU - de Haan, P.
AU - Ronaldson-Bouchard, K.
AU - Kim, G.A.
AU - Ko, J.
AU - Rho, H.S.
AU - Chen, Z.
AU - Habibovic, P.
AU - Li Jeon, N.
AU - Takayama, S.
AU - Shuler, M.L.
AU - Vunjak-Novakovic, G.
AU - Frey, O.
AU - Verpoorte, E.
AU - Toh, Y.C.
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by National Institute of Health (NIH) (U10A214300) awarded to M.L.S.; NIH (UG3EB025765, CA249799, P41 EB027062 and R01HL136414), National Science Foundation (NSF1647837), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA NNX16A069A) and BARDA (75A50121C00017) awarded to G.V.-N.; National Research Foundation of Korea (No. 2021R1A3B1077481) awarded to N.L.J.; Australian Research Council (FT180100157, DP200101658) awarded to Y.-C.T.; and National University of Singapore Graduate School (NUSGS) Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme (ISEP) scholarship awarded to C.M.L.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022, Springer Nature Limited.
PY - 2022/5/12
Y1 - 2022/5/12
N2 - Organs-on-chips (OoCs) are systems containing engineered or natural miniature tissues grown inside microfluidic chips.To better mimic human physiology, the chips are designed to control cell microenvironments and maintain tissue-specific functions. Combining advances in tissue engineering and microfabrication, OoCs have gained interest as a next-generation experimental platform to investigate human pathophysiology and the effect of therapeutics in the body. There are as many examples of OoCs as there are applications, making it difficult for new researchers to understand what makes one OoC more suited to an application than another. This Primer is intended to give an introduction to the aspects of OoC that need to be considered when developing an application-specific OoC. The Primer covers guiding principles and considerations to design, fabricate and operate an OoC, as well as subsequent assaying techniques to extract biological information from OoC devices. Alongside this is a discussion of current and future applications of OoC technology, to inform design and operational decisions during the implementation of OoC systems.
AB - Organs-on-chips (OoCs) are systems containing engineered or natural miniature tissues grown inside microfluidic chips.To better mimic human physiology, the chips are designed to control cell microenvironments and maintain tissue-specific functions. Combining advances in tissue engineering and microfabrication, OoCs have gained interest as a next-generation experimental platform to investigate human pathophysiology and the effect of therapeutics in the body. There are as many examples of OoCs as there are applications, making it difficult for new researchers to understand what makes one OoC more suited to an application than another. This Primer is intended to give an introduction to the aspects of OoC that need to be considered when developing an application-specific OoC. The Primer covers guiding principles and considerations to design, fabricate and operate an OoC, as well as subsequent assaying techniques to extract biological information from OoC devices. Alongside this is a discussion of current and future applications of OoC technology, to inform design and operational decisions during the implementation of OoC systems.
KW - CELL-CULTURE ANALOG
KW - IN-VITRO MODEL
KW - MICROPHYSIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS MPS
KW - FLUORESCENCE OPTICAL-DETECTION
KW - BLOOD-BRAIN-BARRIER
KW - ELECTRICAL-RESISTANCE
KW - MICROFLUIDIC SYSTEMS
KW - SHEAR-STRESS
KW - LIVER-CELLS
KW - NEURONAL DIFFERENTIATION
U2 - 10.1038/s43586-022-00118-6
DO - 10.1038/s43586-022-00118-6
M3 - Article
SN - 2662-8449
VL - 2
JO - Nature Reviews. Methods Primers
JF - Nature Reviews. Methods Primers
IS - 1
M1 - 33
ER -