@article{9a4626f6e49b4a6392e8b958b5193cfb,
title = "A data mining approach to investigate food groups related to incidence of bladder cancer in the BLadder cancer Epidemiology and Nutritional Determinants International Study",
abstract = "At present, analysis of diet and bladder cancer (BC) is mostly based on the intake of individual foods. The examination of food combinations provides a scope to deal with the complexity and unpredictability of the diet and aims to overcome the limitations of the study of nutrients and foods in isolation. This article aims to demonstrate the usability of supervised data mining methods to extract the food groups related to BC. In order to derive key food groups associated with BC risk, we applied the data mining technique C5.0 with 10-fold cross-validation in the BLadder cancer Epidemiology and Nutritional Determinants study, including data from eighteen case-control and one nested case-cohort study, compromising 8320 BC cases out of 31 551 participants. Dietary data, on the eleven main food groups of the Eurocode 2 Core classification codebook, and relevant non-diet data (i.e. sex, age and smoking status) were available. Primarily, five key food groups were extracted; in order of importance, beverages (non-milk); grains and grain products; vegetables and vegetable products; fats, oils and their products; meats and meat products were associated with BC risk. Since these food groups are corresponded with previously proposed BC-related dietary factors, data mining seems to be a promising technique in the field of nutritional epidemiology and deserves further examination.",
keywords = "Bladder cancer, Data mining, Food groups, Epidemiological studies, DIETARY PATTERNS, RISK-FACTORS, FLUID INTAKE, CONSUMPTION, VEGETABLES, FRUIT, POLYMORPHISMS, METAANALYSIS, SMOKING, SYSTEM",
author = "Yu, {Evan Y. W.} and Anke Wesselius and Christoph Sinhart and Alicja Wolk and Stern, {Mariana Carla} and Xuejuan Jiang and Li Tang and James Marshall and Eliane Kellen and {van den Brandt}, Piet and Chih-Ming Lu and Hermann Pohlabeln and Gunnar Steineck and Allam, {Mohamed Farouk} and Karagas, {Margaret R.} and {La Vecchia}, Carlo and Stefano Porru and Angela Carta and Klaus Golka and Johnson, {Kenneth C.} and Simone Benhamou and Zuo-Feng Zhang and Cristina Bosetti and Taylor, {Jack A.} and Elisabete Weiderpass and Grant, {Eric J.} and Emily White and Jerry Polesel and Zeegers, {Maurice P. A.}",
note = "Funding Information: The Kaohsiung study was supported by grant NSC 85-2332-B-037-066 from the National Scientific Council of the Republic of China. The Stockholm case–control study was supported by grant from the Swedish National Cancer Society and from the Swedish Work Environment Fund. The Roswell Park Memorial Institute case–control study on bladder cancer was supported by Public Health Service grants CA11535 and CA16056 from the National Cancer Institute. The New England bladder cancer study was funded in part by grant numbers 5 P42 ES007373 from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH and CA57494 from the National Cancer Institute, NIH. The Italian case–control study on bladder cancer was conducted within the framework of the CNR (Italian National Research Council) Applied Project {\textquoteleft}Clinical Application of Oncological Research{\textquoteright} (contracts 94·01321.PF39 and 94·01119.PF39), and with the contributions of the Italian Association for Cancer Research, the Italian League against Tumours, Milan, and Mrs. Angela Marchegiano Borgomainerio. The Brescia bladder cancer study was partly supported by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. The French INSERM study was supported by a grant from the Direction G{\'e}n{\'e}rale de la Sant{\'e}, Minist{\`e}re des Affaires Sociales, France. The Molecular Epidemiology of Bladder Cancer and Prostate Cancer was supported in part by grants ES06718 (to Z.-F. Z.), U01 CA96116 (to A. B.), and CA09142 from the NIH National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, the National Cancer Institute, the Department of Health and Human Services, and by the Ann Fitzpatrick Alper Program in Environmental Genomics at the Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA. The Women{\textquoteright}s Lifestyle and Health Study was funded by a grant from the Swedish Research Council (grant number 521‐2011‐2955). The Netherlands Cohort Study on diet and cancer was supported by the Dutch Cancer Society. The RERF atomic bomb survivors study was supported by The Radiation Effects Research Foundation (RERF), Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan, a public interest foundation funded by the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW) and the USA Department of Energy (DOE). The research was also funded in part through DOE award DE-HS0000031 to the National Academy of Sciences. This publication was supported by RERF Research Protocol RP-A5-12. The VITamins and Lifestyle Study (VITAL) was supported by a grant (R01CA74846) from the National Cancer Institute. Funding Information: The Hessen case–control study on bladder cancer was supported by the Bundesanstalt f{\"u}r Arbeitsschutz (no. F 1287). Funding Information: We gratefully acknowledge all principal investigators for their willingness to participate in this jointed project. The author E. Y. W. Y. gives thanks to the financial support from China Scholarship Council (no. 201706310135). Funding Information: This work was partly funded by the World Cancer Research Fund International (WCRF 2012/590) and European Commission (FP7-PEOPLE-618308). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2020 Cambridge University Press. All rights reserved.",
year = "2020",
month = sep,
day = "28",
doi = "10.1017/S0007114520001439",
language = "English",
volume = "124",
pages = "611--619",
journal = "British Journal of Nutrition",
issn = "0007-1145",
publisher = "Cambridge University Press",
number = "6",
}