A 10-year interval of cardiovascular effects of albuterol in asthma management: Graphical review

Asthma is a widespread chronic respiratory disease that requires effective management to reduce exacerbations and improve patient outcomes. Albuterol (salbutamol), a short-acting beta-2-agonist (SABA), remains a mainstay treatment for acute symptom relief due to its rapid bronchodilatory effect. However, accumulating evidence over the past decade has raised concerns about its cardiovascular safety, particularly in vulnerable populations such as children, elderly individuals, and those with underlying cardiac conditions. This review synthesizes clinical findings from the last ten years (2015–2025) evaluating the cardiovascular effects of albuterol, including tachycardia, arrhythmias, QTc prolongation, and hypotension. Literature across PubMed, Cochrane, and Google Scholar was analyzed to assess frequency, severity, and risk factors associated with these events. Notably, intravenous administration was associated with markedly higher rates of adverse effects, while inhaled formulations remained safer with moderate risk. Pediatric patients on continuous therapy showed increased susceptibility to electrolyte imbalances and hypotension. Although alternatives like levalbuterol demonstrated a reduced cardiovascular risk profile, they were linked with increased healthcare costs and longer hospital stays. The review highlights the importance of risk stratification, personalized dosing, and enhanced monitoring, particularly in high-risk groups, to maximize the therapeutic benefits of SABAs while minimizing cardiovascular harm. Overall, the findings underscore the need for ongoing pharmacovigilance and tailored clinical decision-making when prescribing albuterol in asthma care.